Effect of Cognitive Style on Learning and Retrieval of Navigational Environments.
Effect of Cognitive Style on Learning and Retrieval of Navigational Environments.
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认知方式对导航环境的学习和检索的影响。
DOI：
10.3389/fphar.2017.00496
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Guariglia C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boccia M;Vecchione F;Piccardi L;Guariglia C
场独立性（FI）已被发现与广泛的认知过程需要认知重建。认知重构超越了环境所提供的信息，是创造稳定的环境心理表征（所谓的“认知地图”）的关键，它影响着支撑环境导航的视觉空间能力。在这里，我们评估是否FI，通过促进认知重构的环境线索的基础上的内部参照系，影响学习和检索的新环境。54名参与者被提交到嵌入图形测试（EFT），以评估他们的认知风格（CS）和观点采择/空间定向测试（PTSOT）和圣巴巴拉方向感量表（SBSOD），以评估他们的空间观点采择和定向技能。他们还需要在一个新的、真实的环境中学习一条路径（路径学习，RL），在干扰物中识别这条路径的地标（地标识别，LR），对它们进行排序（地标排序，LO），并在地图上绘制学习的路径（地图绘制，MD）。检索任务进行后立即学习（立即检索）和后一天（24小时检索）。EFT的表现与学习路径所需的时间显著相关，MD（即时和24小时检索），LR的结果（24小时检索）和PTSOT的表现。有趣的是，我们发现性别与RL（学习时间）和MD上的CS交互作用。只有当女性被归类为FD时，她们的表现才显著差于男性，但如果她们被归类为FI，则与男性没有差异。这些结果表明，CS影响学习和检索的导航环境，特别是当需要一个类似地图的表示。我们建议，CS可能是关键的形成认知地图的环境，可能是由于更高的能力，FI个人在重组环境线索在全球和灵活的长期代表性的环境。
Field independence (FI) has been found to correlate with a wide range of cognitive processes requiring cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring, that is going beyond the information given by the setting, is pivotal in creating stable mental representations of the environment, the so-called “cognitive maps,” and it affects visuo-spatial abilities underpinning environmental navigation. Here we evaluated whether FI, by fostering cognitive restructuring of environmental cues on the basis of an internal frame of reference, affects the learning and retrieval of a novel environment. Fifty-four participants were submitted to the Embedded Figure Test (EFT) for assessing their Cognitive Style (CS) and to the Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test (PTSOT) and the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) for assessing their spatial perspective taking and orientation skills. They were also required to learn a path in a novel, real environment (route learning, RL), to recognize landmarks of this path among distracters (landmark recognition, LR), to order them (landmark ordering, LO) and to draw the learned path on a map (map drawing, MD). Retrieval tasks were performed both immediately after learning (immediate-retrieval) and the day after (24 h-retrieval). Performances on EFT significantly correlated with the time needed to learn the path, with MD (both in the immediate- and in the 24 h- retrievals), results on LR (in 24-retrieval) and performances on PTSOT. Interestingly, we found that gender interacted with CS on RL (time of learning) and MD. Females performed significantly worse than males only if they were classified as FD, but did not differ from males if they were classified as FI. These results suggest that CS affects learning and retrieval of navigational environment, especially when a map-like representation is required. We propose that CS may be pivotal in forming the cognitive map of the environment, likely due to the higher ability of FI individuals in restructuring environmental cues in a global and flexible long-term representation of the environment.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bianchini, F.;Incoccia, C.;Guariglia, C.
通讯作者：
Guariglia, C.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Coluccia, E;Louse, G
通讯作者：
Louse, G
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Boccia, Maddalena;Sulpizio, Valentina;Galati, Gaspare
通讯作者：
Galati, Gaspare
影响因子：
3
作者：
Hegarty, M;Richardson, AE;Subbiah, I
通讯作者：
Subbiah, I
影响因子：
3
作者：
Hegarty, M;Waller, D
通讯作者：
Waller, D