The Broad Foundations of Adaptationist-Computational Evolutionary Psychology

The Broad Foundations of Adaptationist-Computational Evolutionary Psychology
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适应论计算进化心理学的广泛基础

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4939-1387-9_2
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Malte Dahlgrün
Malte Dahlgrün
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Malte Dahlgrün

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进化心理学很少以完全确定其基本承诺的方式来描述,同时避免包含非本质的主张,非本质的强烈强调,或仅仅是派生的信条。本章将进化心理学描述为一个广泛计算框架中的实验心理学,该框架由基于现代进化理论的适应主义本土主义组织、统一和启发式指导。在确认并反驳了一些声称进化心理学本质上是一门狭窄的研究事业的主张之后,提出了进化心理学的特征。首先,对计算方法进行了解释,并提出了一些不恰当的狭义概念。接下来,随着现代自然选择理论的出现,两种适应主义被认为对进化心理学至关重要:一种是关于自然选择在多大程度上分化和塑造了人类思维的核心假设(本体论适应主义),另一种是关于心理学应该如何实践的多管齐下的假设(学科适应主义),这种假设得到了认可。这些权利要求所涉及的承诺是详细的,特别注意所假定的计算适应的性质。作为适应主义者的进化心理学——计算心理学并不是一种平庸的方法。然而,那些自认为是进化心理学家的研究人员远没有这个领域以外的人那么狭隘。本章指出了这种情况的各个方面。
Evolutionary psychology is too rarely characterized in ways that fully identify its fundamental commitments while avoiding the inclusion of inessential claims, inessentially strong emphases, or merely derivative tenets. This chapter characterizes evolutionary psychology as experimental psychology in a broadly computational framework, organized, unified, and heuristically guided by adaptationist nativism based on modern evolutionary theory. After identifying and rebutting some types of claims to the effect that evolutionary psychology is an inherently narrow research enterprise, the proposed characterization of evolutionary psychology is unpacked. First, the computational approach is explained and several inappropriately narrow conceptions of it are forestalled. Next, with the modern theory of natural selection in place, two kinds of adaptationism are claimed to be essential to evolutionary psychology: a core hypothesis about the extent to which natural selection has differentiated and shaped the human mind (ontological adaptationism), and an additional, multipronged claim about how psychology ought to be practiced, given the endorsement of this hypothesis (disciplinary adaptationism). The commitments involved in these claims are detailed, with particular attention paid to the nature of the computational adaptions posited. Evolutionary psychology as adaptationist-computational psychology is not a banal approach. Yet researchers who self-identify as evolutionary psychologists are far less narrowly doctrinally committed than is appreciated outside the field. The chapter points out various respects in which this is the case.
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