Characterization of Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum, an algal parasite new to the cryptomycota isolated from an outdoor algal pond used for the production of biofuel.
Characterization of Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum, an algal parasite new to the cryptomycota isolated from an outdoor algal pond used for the production of biofuel.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0056232
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McBride RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Letcher PM;Lopez S;Schmieder R;Lee PA;Behnke C;Powell MJ;McBride RC
大规模培养用于生产生物燃料的藻类是一项发展中的技术，旨在抵消化石燃料储备的枯竭。然而，由于藻类寄生虫的侵扰，在露天池塘中大规模培养藻类可能具有挑战性。如果不知道特定寄生虫的身份以及如何控制这些害虫，基于藻类的生物燃料生产将受到限制。我们已经鉴定了一种在用于生物燃料生产的室外池塘中生长的真核寄生虫。结果表明，随着FD01疟原虫基因组DNA的增加，S. dimorphus细胞浓度降低；因此，这是一种极具破坏性的病原体。研究了寄生虫和寄主的培养技术，鉴定出该内寄生虫为阿米波阿helidium， Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum。核糖体序列的系统发育分析显示，FD01寄生虫位于最近描述的隐菌门，这是一个基于两种Rozella和环境样本的鲜为人知的门。透射电镜显示，该寄生虫的无平面孢子产生丝状假足，丝状假足含有肌动蛋白微丝直径的细纤维。多个脂球聚集在一起，并与微体、线粒体和膜池相关联，这是壶菌游动孢子的微体-脂球复合物的特征。寄生物在囊化并附着于寄主细胞后，通过寄主细胞壁和质膜之间将原生质体注入寄主体内。成熟时，无壁寄生虫占据了整个寄主细胞。原生质分裂成无平面孢子后，液泡和脂质留在寄主细胞中。原球虫阿米巴孢子虫分离株FD01具有该物种最初描述的特征，与最近鉴定的菌株X-5不同。我们的研究结果有助于揭示隐菌门的面貌，揭示了该门比以前理解的更加多样化，包括一些Aphelidea以及Rozella物种和潜在的微孢子虫。
Mass culture of algae for the production of biofuels is a developing technology designed to offset the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. However, large scale culture of algae in open ponds can be challenging because of incidences of infestation with algal parasites. Without knowledge of the identity of the specific parasite and how to control these pests, algal-based biofuel production will be limited. We have characterized a eukaryotic parasite of Scenedesmus dimorphus growing in outdoor ponds used for biofuel production. We demonstrated that as the genomic DNA of parasite FD01 increases, the concentration of S. dimorphus cells decreases; consequently, this is a highly destructive pathogen. Techniques for culture of the parasite and host were developed, and the endoparasite was identified as the Aphelidea, Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal sequences revealed that parasite FD01 placed within the recently described Cryptomycota, a poorly known phylum based on two species of Rozella and environmental samples. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that aplanospores of the parasite produced filose pseudopodia, which contained fine fibers the diameter of actin microfilaments. Multiple lipid globules clustered and were associated with microbodies, mitochondria and a membrane cisternae, an arrangement characteristic of the microbody-lipid globule complex of chytrid zoospores. After encystment and attachment to the host cells, the parasite injected its protoplast into the host between the host cell wall and plasma membrane. At maturity the unwalled parasite occupied the entire host cell. After cleavage of the protoplast into aplanospores, a vacuole and lipids remained in the host cell. Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum isolate FD01 is characteristic of the original description of this species and is different from strain X-5 recently characterized. Our results help put a face on the Cryptomycota, revealing that the phylum is more diverse than previously understood and include some of the Aphelidea as well as Rozella species and potentially Microsporidia.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
HELD, AA
通讯作者：
HELD, AA
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Jones MD;Richards TA;Hawksworth DL;Bass D
通讯作者：
Bass D
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Pinevich, A;Gromov, B;Nasonova, E
通讯作者：
Nasonova, E
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作者：
Gao Y;Gregor C;Liang Y;Tang D;Tweed C
通讯作者：
Tweed C
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jones, Meredith D. M.;Forn, Irene;Richards, Thomas A.
通讯作者：
Richards, Thomas A.