Evaluation of ten methods for estimating evaporation in a small high-elevation lake on the Tibetan Plateau
Evaluation of ten methods for estimating evaporation in a small high-elevation lake on the Tibetan Plateau
复制标题
青藏高原高海拔小湖蒸发量十种估算方法评价
DOI：
10.1007/s00704-018-2539-9
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Dong Xiaohua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Binbin;Ma Yaoming;Ma Weiqiang;Su Bob;Dong Xiaohua
为了定量湖泊蒸发及其随时间的变化，利用涡度相关（EC）观测资料，对青藏高原纳木错湖流域一个高海拔小型湖泊10 d时间分辨率下的10种蒸发估算方法进行了评价。在检查了不同方法中使用的参数的一致性之后，不同条件下的方法的排名显示出不一致。来自气象数据和EC观测的Bowen比是一致的，它支持基于能量预算的方法（包括Bowen比能量预算，Penman，Priestley-Taylor，Brutsaert-Stricker和DeBruin-Keijman方法）作为最佳方法的排名时，可以准确地估计水中的热储存。海拔依赖的心理测量常数可以解释Priestley-Taylor和DeBruin-Keijman方法之间的差异。Dalton型方法（道尔顿和Ryan-Harleman方法）和基于辐射的方法（Jensen-Haise方法）在参数优化后都有明显的改善，前者的性能优于后者。deBruin方法由于蒸发和空气干燥能力之间的关系不佳而产生最大的误差。Makkink方法的良好性能，优化前后无显着差异，表明太阳辐射和气温在估算湖泊蒸发量中的重要性。Makkink方法被用于长期蒸发估计，由于缺乏水温观测湖泊的TP。最后，获得了开放水域期间（1979年至2015年4月6日至11月15日）的长期蒸发量;平均偏差仅为6%。湖泊蒸发量呈先降后升的变化趋势，转折点在2004年，这一变化趋势与已发表的青藏高原参考蒸散量的先降后升趋势相一致，并可由相关气象变量的变化来解释。
To quantify lake evaporation and its variations in time, ten methods for estimating evaporation at a temporal resolution of 10 days over a small high-elevation lake in the Nam Co lake basin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) were evaluated by using eddy covariance (EC) observation-based reference datasets. After examination of the consistency of the parameters used in the different methods, the ranking of the methods under different conditions are shown to be inconsistent. The Bowen ratios derived from meteorological data and EC observations are consistent, and it supports a ranking of energy-budget-based methods (including the Bowen ratio energy budget, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Brutsaert-Stricker and DeBruin-Keijman methods) as the best when heat storage in the water can be estimated accurately. The elevation-dependent psychometric constant can explain the differences between the Priestley-Taylor and DeBruin-Keijman methods. The Dalton-type methods (Dalton and Ryan-Harleman methods) and radiation-based method (Jensen-Haise) all improve significantly after parameter optimization, with better performance by the former than the latter. The deBruin method yields the largest error due to the poor relationship between evaporation and the drying power of the air. The good performance of the Makkink method, with no significant differences before and after optimization, indicates the importance of solar radiation and air temperature in estimation of lake evaporation. The Makkink method was used for long-term evaporation estimation due to lack of water temperature observations in lakes on the TP. Lastly, long-term evaporation during the open-water period (April 6 to November 15 from 1979 to 2015) were obtained; the mean bias was only 6%. A decreasing-increasing trend in lake evaporation with a turning point in 2004 was noted, and this trend corresponds to the published decreasing-increasing trend in reference evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau and can be explained by variations in related meteorological variables.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Daqing Yang;B. Ye;A. Shiklomanov
通讯作者：
Daqing Yang;B. Ye;A. Shiklomanov
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican12121863-370
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Brutsaert
通讯作者：
W. Brutsaert
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Downing, J. A.;Prairie, Y. T.;Middelburg, J. J.
通讯作者：
Middelburg, J. J.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Liu, BH;Xu, M;Gong, WG
通讯作者：
Gong, WG
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Chong-Yu Xu;Vijay P. Singh
通讯作者：
Chong-Yu Xu;Vijay P. Singh