Sources of Cognitive Conflict and Their Relevance to Theory-of-Mind Proficiency in Healthy Aging: A Preregistered Study
Sources of Cognitive Conflict and Their Relevance to Theory-of-Mind Proficiency in Healthy Aging: A Preregistered Study
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认知冲突的来源及其与健康老龄化中心理理论熟练程度的相关性：一项预先注册的研究
DOI：
10.1177/09567976211017870
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
C. Hartwright
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foyzul Rahman;K. Kessler;I. Apperly;P. Hansen;Sabrina Javed;Carol Holland;C. Hartwright
心理理论（ToM）的下降可能是由于执行控制的减弱，这是解决冲突时推理其他人的心理状态所必需的。我们评估了老年人（n = 50）和年轻人（n = 50）如何受到三个理论上相关的ToM内的冲突来源的影响：竞争自我-他人的观点，竞争线索的位置，结果的知识。我们研究了与年龄相关的心理理论困难的最佳解释。我们的数据显示，当人们表达的信念与自己的信念不一致时，年龄组之间的相似性出乎意料。注意力和反应速度的个体差异最好地解释了通过不相容的自我-他人观点所经历的冲突程度。然而，老年人受到管理提示位置之间冲突的影响尤为严重。年龄和空间工作记忆是最相关的预测冲突的规模引起的冲突线索的位置。我们认为，以前的研究可能低估了老年人的心理理论的熟练程度，包括不必要的冲突心理理论的任务。
Age-related decline in theory of mind (ToM) may be due to waning executive control, which is necessary for resolving conflict when reasoning about other individuals’ mental states. We assessed how older (n = 50) and younger (n = 50) adults were affected by three theoretically relevant sources of conflict within ToM: competing self-other perspectives, competing cued locations, and outcome knowledge. We examined which best accounted for age-related difficulty with ToM. Our data show unexpected similarity between age groups when people are representing a belief incongruent with their own. Individual differences in attention and response speed best explained the degree of conflict experienced through incompatible self-other perspectives. However, older adults were disproportionately affected by managing conflict between cued locations. Age and spatial working memory were most relevant for predicting the magnitude of conflict elicited by conflicting cued locations. We suggest that previous studies may have underestimated older adults’ ToM proficiency by including unnecessary conflict in ToM tasks.
在童年中，执行功能与心理理论之间的相互关系：1年的纵向观点。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Austin G;Groppe K;Elsner B
通讯作者：
Elsner B