The reciprocal relationship between executive function and theory of mind in middle childhood: a 1-year longitudinal perspective.
The reciprocal relationship between executive function and theory of mind in middle childhood: a 1-year longitudinal perspective.
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在童年中，执行功能与心理理论之间的相互关系：1年的纵向观点。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00655
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Elsner B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Austin G;Groppe K;Elsner B
有强有力的证据表明 3 至 5 岁儿童的执行功能 (EF) 和心理理论 (ToM) 之间存在联系。然而，尚不清楚这种关系是否延伸到童年中期。此外，关于这种关系的性质也有很多讨论。虽然一些作者声称 EF 需要 ToM，但其他作者则认为 ToM 需要 EF。然而，迄今为止，研究童年中期 EF 不同子成分（即注意力转移、工作记忆 (WM) 更新、抑制）和 ToM 之间纵向关系的研究还很少。本研究考察了 (1) 童年中期的三个 EF 子组件（注意力转移、WM 更新、抑制）和 ToM 之间的关系，以及 (2) 一年期间 EF 子组件和 ToM 之间的纵向相互关系。在时间点一 (t1) 和一年后的时间点二 (t2) 对 1,657 名儿童（6-11 岁）样本进行了实验评估 EF 和 ToM 测量。结果表明，即使年龄、性别和流体智力被部分排除，所有三个 EF 子组件和 ToM 之间的并发关系分别与童年中期的 t1 和 t2 相关。此外，交叉滞后的结构方程模型（再次控制年龄、性别和流体智力，以及目标变量的早期水平）显示部分支持早期 ToM 预测较晚 EF 的观点，但更有力的证据支持早期 EF 预测较晚 ToM 的假设。后者被发现用于注意力转移和 WM 更新，但不用于抑制。这揭示了研究 ToM 和 EF 在整个儿童发展过程中确切相互作用的重要性，特别是在不同的 EF 子组件方面。最有可能的是，理解他人在不同观点采择水平上的心理状态需要特定的 EF 子组件，这表明 EF 和 ToM 之间的关系在整个童年时期发生了发展变化。
There is robust evidence showing a link between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in 3- to 5-year-olds. However, it is unclear whether this relationship extends to middle childhood. In addition, there has been much discussion about the nature of this relationship. Whereas some authors claim that ToM is needed for EF, others argue that ToM requires EF. To date, however, studies examining the longitudinal relationship between distinct subcomponents of EF [i.e., attention shifting, working memory (WM) updating, inhibition] and ToM in middle childhood are rare. The present study examined (1) the relationship between three EF subcomponents (attention shifting, WM updating, inhibition) and ToM in middle childhood, and (2) the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between the EF subcomponents and ToM across a 1-year period. EF and ToM measures were assessed experimentally in a sample of 1,657 children (aged 6–11 years) at time point one (t1) and 1 year later at time point two (t2). Results showed that the concurrent relationships between all three EF subcomponents and ToM pertained in middle childhood at t1 and t2, respectively, even when age, gender, and fluid intelligence were partialled out. Moreover, cross-lagged structural equation modeling (again, controlling for age, gender, and fluid intelligence, as well as for the earlier levels of the target variables), revealed partial support for the view that early ToM predicts later EF, but stronger evidence for the assumption that early EF predicts later ToM. The latter was found for attention shifting and WM updating, but not for inhibition. This reveals the importance of studying the exact interplay of ToM and EF across childhood development, especially with regard to different EF subcomponents. Most likely, understanding others’ mental states at different levels of perspective-taking requires specific EF subcomponents, suggesting developmental change in the relations between EF and ToM across childhood.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Carlson, SM;Mandell, DJ;Williams, L
通讯作者：
Williams, L
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
HAPPE, FGE
通讯作者：
HAPPE, FGE
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03735.x
发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Calderon, Johanna;Bonnet, Damien;Angeard, Nathalie
通讯作者：
Angeard, Nathalie
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Hughes, Claire
通讯作者：
Hughes, Claire
影响因子：
4
作者：
Benson, Jeannette E.;Sabbagh, Mark A.;Zelazo, Philip David
通讯作者：
Zelazo, Philip David