Graphics help patients distinguish between urgent and non-urgent deviations in laboratory test results.

Graphics help patients distinguish between urgent and non-urgent deviations in laboratory test results.
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图形有助于患者区分实验室测试结果中的紧急和非紧急偏差。

DOI:
10.1093/jamia/ocw169
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发表时间:
2017-05-01
期刊:
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Fagerlin A
Fagerlin A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zikmund-Fisher BJ;Scherer AM;Witteman HO;Solomon JB;Exe NL;Tarini BA;Fagerlin A

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目的:大多数电子健康记录系统以表格形式向患者提供实验室检测结果。我们测试了在视觉显示(数字线)中呈现这些结果是否可以提高理解。 材料与方法:我们从人口统计学上多样化的互联网小组招募了1620名成年人,并从几个常见的实验室测试中获得假设结果,首先显示接近正常的结果,然后显示更多的极端值。参与者以表格格式(提供“标准范围”)或3种数字线格式之一查看结果:简单的2色格式,具有诊断类别的格式,例如由彩色块指示的“边界高”,以及使用颜色梯度平滑表示值偏离标准范围时增加的风险的梯度格式。我们测量了受访者对每个测试结果的主观紧迫感,他们的行为意图,以及他们对显示格式的看法。 结果如下:与表格相比,视觉显示降低了受访者的紧迫感和立即联系医疗保健提供者以获得接近正常的测试结果的愿望,但并不影响他们对极端值的看法。在回归分析控制受访者的健康素养,计算能力,图形素养,梯度线显示导致在测试结果的变化最敏感。 讨论内容:与仅告诉患者测试结果是否正常的表格不同,视觉显示可以通过明确定义可能的值并利用颜色提示和评估标签来增加测试结果的意义。 结论:面向患者的实验室测试结果显示应使用视觉显示而不是表格,以增加人们对结果变化的敏感性。
Objective: Most electronic health record systems provide laboratory test results to patients in table format. We tested whether presenting such results in visual displays (number lines) could improve understanding. Materials and Methods: We presented 1620 adults recruited from a demographically diverse Internet panel with hypothetical results from several common laboratory tests, first showing near-normal results and then more extreme values. Participants viewed results in either table format (with a “standard range” provided) or one of 3 number line formats: a simple 2-color format, a format with diagnostic categories such as “borderline high” indicated by colored blocks, and a gradient format that used color gradients to smoothly represent increasing risk as values deviated from standard ranges. We measured respondents’ subjective sense of urgency about each test result, their behavioral intentions, and their perceptions of the display format. Results: Visual displays reduced respondents’ perceived urgency and desire to contact health care providers immediately for near-normal test results compared to tables but did not affect their perceptions of extreme values. In regression analyses controlling for respondent health literacy, numeracy, and graphical literacy, gradient line displays resulted in the greatest sensitivity to changes in test results. Discussion: Unlike tables, which only tell patients whether test results are normal or not, visual displays can increase the meaningfulness of test results by clearly defining possible values and leveraging color cues and evaluative labels. Conclusion: Patient-facing displays of laboratory test results should use visual displays rather than tables to increase people’s sensitivity to variations in their results.
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