Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated microbial immunity.
Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated microbial immunity.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-013-1438-6
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Siksnys, Virginijus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gasiunas, Giedrius;Sinkunas, Tomas;Siksnys, Virginijus
噬菌体（Bacteriophage，简写为bacteriophage）感染细菌是为了复制，并在复制完成后从宿主中爆发出来，杀死细胞。因此，从细菌的角度来看，细菌对细菌种群构成持续的致命威胁。毫不奇怪，细菌进化出了多种防御屏障，几乎干扰了噬菌体生命周期的每一步。噬菌体通过反向进化其基因组来应对这种选择压力，以逃避细菌的耐药性。细菌和迅速多样化的病毒之间的拮抗相互作用促进了细菌中噬菌体抗性机制的进化和传播。最近，已经鉴定了一种适应性微生物免疫系统，称为成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR），其提供针对病毒和质粒的获得性免疫。与限制修饰抗噬菌体屏障不同，CRISPR-Cas系统使靶位点中缺乏保护性甲基标签的任何外源DNA受到切割，它是入侵者特异性的、适应性的和可遗传的。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了不同CRISPR-Cas系统提供的干扰/免疫的分子机制。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s 00018 -013-1438-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Bacteriophages (phages) infect bacteria in order to replicate and burst out of the host, killing the cell, when reproduction is completed. Thus, from a bacterial perspective, phages pose a persistent lethal threat to bacterial populations. Not surprisingly, bacteria evolved multiple defense barriers to interfere with nearly every step of phage life cycles. Phages respond to this selection pressure by counter-evolving their genomes to evade bacterial resistance. The antagonistic interaction between bacteria and rapidly diversifying viruses promotes the evolution and dissemination of bacteriophage-resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Recently, an adaptive microbial immune system, named clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and which provides acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids, has been identified. Unlike the restriction–modification anti-phage barrier that subjects to cleavage any foreign DNA lacking a protective methyl-tag in the target site, the CRISPR–Cas systems are invader-specific, adaptive, and heritable. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of interference/immunity provided by different CRISPR–Cas systems. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1438-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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通过反式编码的小 RNA 和宿主因子 RNase III 进行 CRISPR RNA 成熟。
影响因子：
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作者：
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