Creating memories: molecular mechanisms of CRISPR adaptation.

Creating memories: molecular mechanisms of CRISPR adaptation.
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创造记忆:CRISPR适应的分子机制。

DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.004
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发表时间:
2022-06
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Sashital, Dipali G.
Sashital, Dipali G.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee, Hayun;Sashital, Dipali G.

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原核生物利用聚集规律间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)和CRISPR相关(Cas)蛋白作为适应性免疫系统。CRISPR- cas系统通过将外来核酸的短片段作为间隔物整合到宿主CRISPR阵列中来保存感染的分子记忆,这一过程被称为适应。功能间隔确保了Cas效应物的强大免疫反应,通过rna引导的干扰途径中和后续感染。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近的发现,这些发现促进了我们对适应的理解,重点是功能间隔如何通过许多广泛但特定类型的机制产生和结合。最后,我们强调了未来的方向和遗留问题,以彻底了解CRISPR适应。
Prokaryotes employ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins as an adaptive immune system. CRISPR-Cas systems preserve molecular memories of infections by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids as spacers into the host CRISPR array, in a process termed adaptation. Functional spacers ensure a robust immune response by Cas effectors, which neutralize subsequent infection through RNA-guided interference pathways. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries that have advanced our understanding of adaptation, with a focus on how functional spacers are generated and incorporated through many widespread but type-specific mechanisms. Finally we highlight future directions and remaining questions for a thorough understanding of CRISPR adaptation.
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