Changes in species' distributions during and after environmental change: which eco-evolutionary processes matter more?

Changes in species' distributions during and after environmental change: which eco-evolutionary processes matter more?
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环境变化期间和之后物种分布的变化:哪些生态进化过程更重要?

DOI:
10.1111/ecog.01194
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Dytham C
Dytham C
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dytham C

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提高我们预测范围变化的能力需要改进理论,探索生态和进化过程与(变化的)环境之间的相互作用。我们引入了一个基于个体的模型,该模型结合了简单的阶段结构和遗传决定的资源分配规则。人口动态受现有资源和个人遗传的影响,密度依赖性的出现完全是由于资源水平随着人口密度的增加而减少。对一组程式化的范围扩展情景运行模型揭示了生态进化过程的重要程度:拥有有效范围扩展策略(更高的扩散倾向,单胎而不是单胎)的个体的空间分类可以大大加速范围的推进,这比范围扩展期间产生的新突变的贡献更重要。在范围扩张的模拟中,当所有个体都被赋予在固定范围内进化的平均策略时,灭绝的风险更大。此外,我们的研究结果表明,在范围变化期间,个体间变异性的侵蚀可以在很长一段时间内抑制种群丰度,即使在气候稳定之后。我们的理论结果强调了在未来物种对环境变化的反应的预测建模中考虑个体间变异的重要性。
Improving our capacity for predicting range shifts requires improved theory exploring the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes and the (changing) environment. We introduce an individual‐based model incorporating simple stage structure and genetically determined resource allocation rules. Population dynamics are mediated by the resources available and the individual's genetics, and density dependence emerges solely as a consequence of resource levels decreasing as population density increases. Running the model for a set of stylised range‐expansion scenarios reveals the extent to which eco‐evolutionary processes can matter: spatial assortment of individuals possessing effective range expansion strategies (higher dispersal propensity, semelparity rather than iteroparity) can substantially accelerate range advance, and this is more important than the contribution of novel mutations arising during range expansion. In simulations of range expansion there is a greater risk of extinction when all individuals are given the mean strategy evolved in a stationary range. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the erosion of inter‐individual variability during a range‐shift can depress population abundance for lengthy periods, even after the climate has stabilised. Our theoretical results highlight the importance of accounting for inter‐individual variability in future predictive modelling of species' responses to environmental change.
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