Chip-Scale Molecular Clock

Chip-Scale Molecular Clock
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芯片级分子钟

DOI:
10.1109/jssc.2018.2880920
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Han, Ruonan
Han, Ruonan
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang, Cheng;Yi, Xiang;Mawdsley, James;Kim, Mina;Hu, Zhi;Zhang, Yaqing;Perkins, Bradford;Han, Ruonan

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介绍了一种超稳定的时间保持装置,它将其输出时钟频率锁定在极性气体分子的旋转模跃迁上。基于亚太赫兹(THz)范围内的高精度光谱仪,我们的新时钟方案不仅实现了全电子操作,而且还使用主流CMOS技术实现。同时,探测波的小波长和我们采用的分子(羰基硫,16 O 12 C32 S)的高吸收强度也使气室小型化成为可能。所有这些都导致了具有小尺寸、低功耗和低成本的“原子钟级”频率基准。本文提供了架构和芯片设计的第一个概念验证的分子时钟使用65纳米CMOS体技术的细节。该芯片采用231.061 GHz的移频键控(FSK)锁相环(PLL)和集成锁定功能的亚太赫兹FET检波器,探测单模波导内羰基硫(OCS)气体的精确跃迁频率,并相应地调整晶体振荡器的80 MHz输出。该时钟的直流功耗仅为66 mW,在平均时间τ = 1000 s时,测得的Allan偏差为3.8 × 10- 10。
An ultra-stable time-keeping device is presented, which locks its output clock frequency to the rotational-mode transition of polar gaseous molecules. Based on a high-precision spectrometer in the sub-terahertz (THz) range, our new clocking scheme realizes not only fully electronic operation but also implementations using mainstream CMOS technology. Meanwhile, the small wavelength of probing wave and high absorption intensity of our adopted molecules (carbonyl sulfide,16O12C32S) also enable miniaturization of the gas cell. All these result in an “atomic-clock-grade” frequency reference with small size, power, and cost. This paper provides the architectural and chip-design details of the first proof-of-concept molecular clock using a 65-nm CMOS bulk technology. Using a 231.061-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) with frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation and a sub-THz FET detector with integrated lock-in function, the chip probes the accurate transition frequency of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) gas inside a single-mode waveguide, and accordingly adjusts the 80-MHz output of a crystal oscillator. The clock consumes only 66 mW of dc power and has a measured Allan deviation of 3.8 × 10-10at an averaging time of τ = 1000 s.
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