Comparing the Environmental Impact of Stabilisers for Unfired Earth Construction
Comparing the Environmental Impact of Stabilisers for Unfired Earth Construction
复制标题
比较稳定剂对免烧土建筑的环境影响
DOI：
10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.132
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Maskell;A. Heath;P. Walker
建筑物约占全球能源排放总量的三分之一，其中约四分之一可归因于建筑物的隐含能源。目前英国的低能耗住宅立法只涉及运营能源。目前还没有考虑到可再生能源和碳，但预计在平均建筑物的设计寿命期间，可再生能源和碳将对整个生命周期的总能源使用量做出重大贡献。土制建筑材料通过其对温度和湿度的被动调节，有助于减少使用中的能源消耗。此外，与其他材料相比，还可以节省大量的能源。传统的土制建筑方法使用当地来源的材料和体力劳动，运输和建筑所需的能源最少。土木建筑的更大吸收可能来自现代创新，如工业化制造。挤压烧结砖制造工艺具有生产高质量、低成本和低能耗产品的潜力，适用于发达国家和发展中国家的主流建筑行业。通过不烧制挤压粘土砖，与烧制粘土相比可以实现86%的具体节能，与混凝土块相比可以实现25%的具体节能。然而，由于在高含水量条件下强度损失，不稳定土砖的结构使用存在限制。可以采用传统和新型稳定方法来解决强度和耐久性问题。水泥和石灰在一些国家被广泛使用，但两者都显著增加了材料的能量和碳，并可能抑制被动湿度调节。本文介绍了用于不烧粘土材料的各种稳定剂的能量研究结果。全球变暖潜势（GWP）是一种衡量二氧化碳当量的指标，它允许破坏性温室气体的相对权重。比较和讨论了各种稳定剂的体现能量和GWP值。工作的结论是，有一个最大量的稳定剂比应该使用。通常，稳定剂的量被引用为给出最大强度的量，但这不仅应考虑强度，还应考虑实现改进的环境影响。
Buildings account for approximately one third of the total worldwide energy emissions, of which approximately a quarter can be attributed to the embodied energy of the building. Current UK legislation for low-energy homes is only concerned with operational energy. Embodied energy, and carbon, is not currently considered but over the design life of an average building is expected to make a significant contribution to the total whole life energy used. Earthen building materials contribute to reduce energy consumption in use through their passive regulation of temperature and humidity. In addition, there can also be significant embodied energy savings compared to other materials. Traditional methods of earthen construction, using locally sourced materials and manual labour require minimal energy for the transport and construction. A greater uptake of earth construction is likely to come from modern innovations such as industrialised manufacture. Extruded fired brick manufacturing processes has the potential to produce a high quality, low cost and low energy product suitable for the mainstream construction sector in both developed and developing nations. By not firing the extruded clay bricks, an embodied energy saving of 86% can be achieved, compared to fired clay, and 25% compared to concrete blocks. However, there are limitations to the structural use of unstabilised earth bricks due to the loss of strength under high moisture content conditions. The use of traditional and novel stabilisation methods can be adopted to address the concerns over strength and durability. Cement and lime are widely used in some countries, but both significantly increase material embodied energy and carbon and can inhibit passive humidity regulation. The paper presents results from a study of the embodied energy of various stabilisers used for unfired clay materials. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measure of the equivalent carbon dioxide that allows for the relative weightings of damaging greenhouse gasses. Both the embodied energy and the GWP figures of various stabilisers are compared and discussed. The conclusion of the work is that there is a maximum quantity of stabiliser than should be used. Typically the quantities of stabiliser are quoted as the amount that gives the maximum strength, but this should take account of not only strength but the environmental impact of achieving the improvement.
影响因子：
14.6
作者：
Martijn Gough
通讯作者：
Martijn Gough