Aquatic Biogeochemical Eddy Covariance Fluxes in the Presence of Waves
Aquatic Biogeochemical Eddy Covariance Fluxes in the Presence of Waves
复制标题
波浪存在下的水生生物地球化学涡度协方差通量
DOI：
10.1029/2020jc016637
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Long, Matthew H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, Matthew H.
涡动相关（EC）技术是测量大气交换速率的有力工具，最近被生物地球化学家用于测量水生氧通量。对水生生物地球化学EC文献的回顾表明，大多数研究是在可能存在波浪的浅水中进行的，并且波浪会影响传感器和湍流测量。这篇综述发现，较大的测量高度将湍流转移到较低的频率，在湍流和波频率之间产生频谱间隙。然而，一些研究的采样太靠近边界，不允许频谱湍流-波间隙，并且需要改变EC测量的进行和分析方式，以消除波偏倚。EC通量只能从垂直速度和氧气的时间平均乘积中得出，这通常会导致波偏。提出了一种新的分析框架，通过积累波频率以下的交叉功率谱密度来消除波偏。该分析框架还包括基于波周期、电流和测量高度的新测量指南。该框架应用于沙、海草和珊瑚礁环境，传统的EC分析导致生物地球化学（氧和H+）通量的波动偏差为7.0%±9.2%，而动量通量的波动偏差更大，误差更大（10.5%±21.0%）。预计该框架将导致EC测量的进行和评估方式发生重大变化，并有助于克服波敏感和慢响应传感器造成的主要限制，潜在地扩展新的化学示踪剂应用和EC技术的更广泛使用。
The eddy covariance (EC) technique is a powerful tool for measuring atmospheric exchange rates that was recently adapted by biogeochemists to measure aquatic oxygen fluxes. A review of aquatic biogeochemical EC literature revealed that the majority of studies were conducted in shallow waters where waves were likely present, and that waves biased sensor and turbulence measurements. This review identified that larger measurement heights shifted turbulence to lower frequencies, producing a spectral gap between turbulence and wave frequencies. However, some studies sampled too close to the boundary to allow for a spectral turbulence‐wave gap, and a change in how EC measurements are conducted and analyzed is needed to remove wave‐bias. EC fluxes have only been derived from the time‐averaged product of vertical velocity and oxygen, often resulting in wave‐bias. Presented is a new analysis framework for removing wave‐bias by accumulation of cross‐power spectral densities below wave frequencies. This analysis framework also includes new measurement guidelines based on wave period, currents, and measurement heights. This framework is applied to sand, seagrass, and reef environments where traditional EC analysis resulted in wave‐bias of 7.0% ± 9.2% error in biogeochemical (oxygen and H+) fluxes, while more variable and higher error was evident in momentum fluxes (10.5% ± 21.0% error). It is anticipated that this framework will lead to significant changes in how EC measurements are conducted and evaluated, and help overcome the major limitations caused by wave‐sensitive and slow‐response sensors, potentially expanding new chemical tracer applications and more widespread use of the EC technique.
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