Reactive oxygen species and redox compartmentalization.
Reactive oxygen species and redox compartmentalization.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2014.00285
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Di Lisa F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaludercic N;Deshwal S;Di Lisa F
活性氧 (ROS) 的形成和信号传导非常重要，可调节生理条件下的许多过程。然而，氧化还原状态调节的破坏与许多病理状况有关。近年来，越来越清楚的是，氧化和还原修饰受到时空方式的限制。这使得 ROS 信号传导类似于 Ca2+ 或其他第二信使的信号传导。一些亚细胞区室的氧化性更强（例如溶酶体或过氧化物酶体），而另一些则更具还原性（线粒体、细胞核）。此外，尽管线粒体的还原性更强，但它特别容易被氧化，这很可能是由于该室中存在大量暴露的硫醇。氧化还原探针开发的最新进展允许对完整活细胞或生物体的不同细胞区室中确定的 ROS 进行特异性测量。这些工具的可用性现在允许同时进行时空测量以及 ROS 生成与细胞器和/或细胞功能之间的相关性。 ROS 区室化和微域的研究将有助于阐明它们在生理学和疾病中的作用。在这里，我们将检查当前可用的氧化还原探针以及亚细胞区室之间 ROS 生成的差异。此外，我们将讨论生理和病理条件下的活性氧区室化，将我们的注意力集中在线粒体上，因为它们对氧化应激的脆弱性可能是多种疾病的基础。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and signaling are of major importance and regulate a number of processes in physiological conditions. A disruption in redox status regulation, however, has been associated with numerous pathological conditions. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that oxidative and reductive modifications are confined in a spatio-temporal manner. This makes ROS signaling similar to that of Ca2+ or other second messengers. Some subcellular compartments are more oxidizing (such as lysosomes or peroxisomes) whereas others are more reducing (mitochondria, nuclei). Moreover, although more reducing, mitochondria are especially susceptible to oxidation, most likely due to the high number of exposed thiols present in that compartment. Recent advances in the development of redox probes allow specific measurement of defined ROS in different cellular compartments in intact living cells or organisms. The availability of these tools now allows simultaneous spatio-temporal measurements and correlation between ROS generation and organelle and/or cellular function. The study of ROS compartmentalization and microdomains will help elucidate their role in physiology and disease. Here we will examine redox probes currently available and how ROS generation may vary between subcellular compartments. Furthermore, we will discuss ROS compartmentalization in physiological and pathological conditions focusing our attention on mitochondria, since their vulnerability to oxidative stress is likely at the basis of several diseases.
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