Balancing safety and efficiency in human decision making

Balancing safety and efficiency in human decision making
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平衡人类决策的安全性和效率

DOI:
10.1101/2024.01.23.576678
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mahajan P
Mahajan P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Mahajan P

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安全-效率困境描述的是在有效勘探过程中如何维护安全的问题,是勘探-开采困境在面临潜在危险时的一种特殊情况。传统的探索-开发解决方案将惩罚和奖励压缩成一个反馈信号,早期的损失可以被后来的收益所克服。然而,大脑有一个单独的巴甫洛夫恐惧学习系统,这表明在探索性决策过程中保持特定恐惧记忆可能具有计算优势。在一系列的模拟中,我们表明,这促进了安全但有效的学习,并根据不确定性仲裁巴甫洛夫回避工具决策进行了优化。我们提供了一个简单的人类接近撤回实验中,这个模型的基本测试,并表明,这种灵活的回避模型捕获的选择和反应时间。这些结果表明,巴甫洛夫恐惧系统在决策中的作用比以前认为的更复杂,通过以计算精确的方式塑造灵活的探索行为。
The safety-efficiency dilemma describes the problem of maintaining safety during efficient exploration and is a special case of the exploration-exploitation dilemma in the face of potential dangers. Conventional exploration-exploitation solutions collapse punishment and reward into a single feedback signal, whereby early losses can be overcome by later gains. However, the brain has a separate system for Pavlovian fear learning, suggesting a possible computational advantage to maintaining a specific fear memory during exploratory decision-making. In a series of simulations, we show this promotes safe but efficient learning and is optimised by arbitrating Pavlovian avoidance of instrumental decision-making according to uncertainty. We provide a basic test of this model in a simple human approach-withdrawal experiment, and show that this flexible avoidance model captures choice and reaction times. These results show that the Pavlovian fear system has a more sophisticated role in decision-making than previously thought, by shaping flexible exploratory behaviour in a computationally precise manner.
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