Gender-specific associations between perceived and objective neighbourhood crime and metabolic syndrome.
Gender-specific associations between perceived and objective neighbourhood crime and metabolic syndrome.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0201336
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Daniel M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baldock KL;Paquet C;Howard NJ;Coffee NT;Taylor AW;Daniel M
许多研究都考虑了邻里犯罪和身体活动之间的关系，但很少有研究评估行为导致的临床结果，如心脏代谢风险。同时评估感知和客观犯罪衡量标准的国家更少。犯罪的感知和实际的再犯罪因性别而异;因此，本研究试图评估：1）感知和客观的邻里犯罪之间的对应关系; 2）感知和报告的犯罪与代谢综合征之间的性别特异性关联，代表心脏代谢风险。另外还评估了邻里犯罪通过步行对代谢综合征的间接影响。澳大利亚人口为基础的生物医学队列研究（2004-2007年）收集了生物医学，社会人口统计学和邻里观念的数据，n = 1,172城市居民，成年人。地区一级报告的犯罪率是标准化的，并与基于参与者居住地点的个人数据相关联。实际和感知的犯罪措施之间的对应关系进行了评估，使用皮尔逊相关系数。犯罪和代谢综合征之间的横截面关联进行了分析，使用广义估计方程，回归模型占社会人口因素和地区收入。感知犯罪和客观犯罪之间的对应关系在男性和女性中是小到中等的（r = 0.17至0.33）。在男性中，代谢综合征与暴力（OR = 1.21，95%CI 1.08-1.35）和总犯罪率（OR = 1.17，95%CI 1.04-1.32）相关，在考虑了感知犯罪后。在女性中，代谢综合征与感知犯罪（OR = 1.35，95%CI 1.14-1.60）后，占总报告的犯罪。在女性中，知觉犯罪和财产犯罪通过步行对代谢综合征有间接影响。结果表明，犯罪，不利的社会暴露，与临床健康状况。犯罪率，犯罪和安全的看法，根据性别对心脏代谢健康的影响不同。以减少犯罪为目标的社会政策和公共卫生战略，以及提高安全感的战略，有可能有助于改善心脏代谢结果。
Much research has considered the relationship between neighbourhood crime and physical activity, but few studies have assessed clinical outcomes consequent to behaviour, such as cardiometabolic risk. Fewer still have simultaneously assessed perceived and objective measures of crime. Perceptions of crime and actual victimisation vary according to gender; thus, this study sought to assess: 1) correspondence between perceived and objective neighbourhood crime; and 2) gender-specific associations between perceived and reported crime and metabolic syndrome, representing cardiometabolic risk. The indirect effect of neighbourhood crime on metabolic syndrome via walking was additionally evaluated. An Australian population-based biomedical cohort study (2004–2007) collected biomedical, socio-demographic, and neighbourhood perceptions data from n = 1,172 urban-dwelling, adults. Area-level reported crime rates were standardised and linked to individual data based on participants' residential location. Correspondence between actual and perceived crime measures was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Cross-sectional associations between crime and metabolic syndrome were analysed using generalised estimating equations regression models accounting for socio-demographic factors and area-level income. Correspondence between perceived and objective crime was small to medium among men and women (r = 0.17 to 0.33). Among men, metabolic syndrome was related to rates of violent (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.35) and total crime (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32), after accounting for perceived crime. Among women, metabolic syndrome was related to perceived crime (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14–1.60) after accounting for total reported crime. Among women, there were indirect effects of perceived crime and property crime on metabolic syndrome through walking. Results indicate that crime, an adverse social exposure, is linked to clinical health status. Crime rates, and perceptions of crime and safety, differentially impact upon cardiometabolic health according to gender. Social policy and public health strategies targeting crime reduction, as well as strategies to increase perceptions of safety, have potential to contribute to improved cardiometabolic outcomes.
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