High-threshold and low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memory
High-threshold and low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memory
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高阈值、低开销的容错量子存储器
DOI：
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Theodore J. Yoder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Bravyi;Andrew W. Cross;J. Gambetta;D. Maslov;Patrick Rall;Theodore J. Yoder
物理错误1 - 3的累积阻碍了当前量子计算机大规模算法的执行。量子纠错4提供了一种解决方案，它将k个逻辑量子比特编码到n个物理量子比特上，这样物理错误就被抑制得足够大，可以以可容忍的保真度运行所需的计算。一旦物理错误率低于阈值，量子纠错就可以实际实现，该阈值取决于量子码、综合征测量电路和解码算法的选择。我们提出了一个端到端的量子纠错协议，该协议基于一组低密度奇偶校验码实现了容错存储器6。我们的方法为标准的基于电路的噪声模型实现了0.7%的误差阈值，与20年来在误差阈值方面领先的表面代码7 - 10相当。在我们的家族中，长度为n的代码的综合征测量周期需要n个辅助量子位和一个深度为8的电路，具有CNOT门，量子位初始化和测量。所需的量子比特连通性是由两个边不相交的平面子图组成的6度图。特别是，我们表明，假设物理错误率为0.1%，总共使用288个物理量子位，12个逻辑量子位可以保存近100万个综合征周期，而表面代码需要近3000个物理量子位才能达到上述性能。我们的发现为近期量子处理器提供了低开销容错量子存储器的演示。
The accumulation of physical errors1–3 prevents the execution of large-scale algorithms in current quantum computers. Quantum error correction4 promises a solution by encoding k logical qubits onto a larger number n of physical qubits, such that the physical errors are suppressed enough to allow running a desired computation with tolerable fidelity. Quantum error correction becomes practically realizable once the physical error rate is below a threshold value that depends on the choice of quantum code, syndrome measurement circuit and decoding algorithm5. We present an end-to-end quantum error correction protocol that implements fault-tolerant memory on the basis of a family of low-density parity-check codes6. Our approach achieves an error threshold of 0.7% for the standard circuit-based noise model, on par with the surface code7–10 that for 20 years was the leading code in terms of error threshold. The syndrome measurement cycle for a length-n code in our family requires n ancillary qubits and a depth-8 circuit with CNOT gates, qubit initializations and measurements. The required qubit connectivity is a degree-6 graph composed of two edge-disjoint planar subgraphs. In particular, we show that 12 logical qubits can be preserved for nearly 1 million syndrome cycles using 288 physical qubits in total, assuming the physical error rate of 0.1%, whereas the surface code would require nearly 3,000 physical qubits to achieve said performance. Our findings bring demonstrations of a low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memory within the reach of near-term quantum processors.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Acharya, Rajeev;Aleiner, Igor;Allen, Richard;Andersen, Trond I.;Ansmann, Markus;Arute, Frank;Arya, Kunal;Asfaw, Abraham;Atalaya, Juan;Babbush, Ryan;Bacon, Dave;Bardin, Joseph C.;Basso, Joao;Bengtsson, Andreas;Boixo, Sergio;Bortoli, Gina;Bourassa, Alexandre;Bovaird, Jenna;Brill, Leon;Broughton, Michael;Buckley, Bob B.;Buell, David A.;Burger, Tim;Burkett, Brian;Bushnell, Nicholas;Chen, Yu;Chen, Zijun;Chiaro, Ben;Cogan, Josh;Collins, Roberto;Conner, Paul;Courtney, William;Crook, Alexander L.;Curtin, Ben;Debroy, Dripto M.;Barba, Alexander Del Toro;Demura, Sean;Dunsworth, Andrew;Eppens, Daniel;Erickson, Catherine;Faoro, Lara;Farhi, Edward;Fatemi, Reza;Burgos, Leslie Flores;Forati, Ebrahim;Fowler, Austin G.;Foxen, Brooks;Giang, William;Gidney, Craig;Gilboa, Dar;Giustina, Marissa;Dau, Alejandro Grajales;Gross, Jonathan A.;Habegger, Steve;Hamilton, Michael C.;Harrigan, Matthew P.;Harrington, Sean D.;Higgott, Oscar;Hilton, Jeremy;Hoffmann, Markus;Hong, Sabrina;Huang, Trent;Huff, Ashley;Huggins, William J.;Ioffe, Lev B.;Isakov, Sergei V.;Iveland, Justin;Jeffrey, Evan;Jiang, Zhang;Jones, Cody;Juhas, Pavol;Kafri, Dvir;Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn;Kelly, Julian;Khattar, Tanuj;Khezri, Mostafa;Kieferova, Maria;Kim, Seon;Kitaev, Alexei;Klimov, Paul V.;Klots, Andrey R.;Korotkov, Alexander N.;Kostritsa, Fedor;Kreikebaum, John Mark;Landhuis, David;Laptev, Pavel;Lau, Kim-Ming;Laws, Lily;Lee, Joonho;Lee, Kenny;Lester, Brian J.;Lill, Alexander;Liu, Wayne;Locharla, Aditya;Lucero, Erik;Malone, Fionn D.;Marshall, Jeffrey;Martin, Orion;McClean, Jarrod R.;McCourt, Trevor;McEwen, Matt;Megrant, Anthony;Costa, Bernardo Meurer;Mi, Xiao;Miao, Kevin C.;Mohseni, Masoud;Montazeri, Shirin;Morvan, Alexis;Mount, Emily;Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech;Naaman, Ofer;Neeley, Matthew;Neill, Charles;Nersisyan, Ani;Neven, Hartmut;Newman, Michael;Ng, Jiun How;Nguyen, Anthony;Nguyen, Murray;Niu, Murphy Yuezhen;O'Brien, Thomas E.;Opremcak, Alex;Platt, John;Petukhov, Andre;Potter, Rebecca;Pryadko, Leonid P.;Quintana, Chris;Roushan, Pedram;Rubin, Nicholas C.;Saei, Negar;Sank, Daniel;Sankaragomathi, Kannan;Satzinger, Kevin J.;Schurkus, Henry F.;Schuster, Christopher;Shearn, Michael J.;Shorter, Aaron;Shvarts, Vladimir;Skruzny, Jindra;Smelyanskiy, Vadim;Smith, W. Clarke;Sterling, George;Strain, Doug;Szalay, Marco;Torres, Alfredo;Vidal, Guifre;Villalonga, Benjamin;Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff;White, Theodore;Xing, Cheng;Yao, Z. Jamie;Yeh, Ping;Yoo, Juhwan;Young, Grayson;Zalcman, Adam;Zhang, Yaxing;Zhu, Ningfeng
通讯作者：
Zhu, Ningfeng
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Alexeev, Yuri;Bacon, Dave;Thompson, Jeff
通讯作者：
Thompson, Jeff
平衡乘积量子码
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Nikolas Peter Breuckmann;Jens Eberhardt
通讯作者：
Jens Eberhardt