The small phytoplasma virulence effector SAP11 contains distinct domains required for nuclear targeting and CIN-TCP binding and destabilization.
The small phytoplasma virulence effector SAP11 contains distinct domains required for nuclear targeting and CIN-TCP binding and destabilization.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.12721
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hogenhout SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sugio A;MacLean AM;Hogenhout SA
植原体是由昆虫传播的细菌性植物病原体，能分泌毒力效应物，并诱导植物寄主的结构和防御反应发生变化。我们先前证明紫菀黄化植原体株丛枝病（AY-WB）的小（± 10 kDa）毒力效应物SAP 11结合拟南芥CIN（CINCINNATA）TCP（TEOSINTE-BRANCHED，CYCLOIDEA，PROLIFERATION FACTOR 1 AND 2）转录因子并使其不稳定，导致叶形态发生的显著变化和对植原体昆虫载体的易感性增加。SAP 11含有一个二分核定位信号（NLS），将该效应子靶向植物细胞核。为了进一步了解SAP 11的功能，我们使用一系列突变体评估了SAP 11区域在TCP结合和去稳定化中的参与。SAP 11突变体缺乏整个N-末端结构域，包括NLS，与TCP相互作用，但没有使它们不稳定。缺乏C-末端结构域的SAP 11突变体在TCP的结合和不稳定性方面都受到损害。这些SAP 11突变体没有改变叶片形态建成。一个不在植物细胞核中积累的SAP 11突变体（SAP 11 ΔNLS-NES）能够结合TCP转录因子并使其不稳定，但与野生型SAP 11相比，它引起的叶片形态发生的变化较弱。总的来说，结果表明植原体效应器SAP 11具有模块化组织，其中至少需要三个域在植物中有效的CIN-TCP去稳定化。
Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted bacterial phytopathogens that secrete virulence effectors and induce changes in the architecture and defense response of their plant hosts. We previously demonstrated that the small (± 10 kDa) virulence effector SAP11 of Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches’ Broom (AY-WB) binds and destabilizes Arabidopsis CIN (CINCINNATA) TCP (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATION FACTOR 1 AND 2) transcription factors, resulting in dramatic changes in leaf morphogenesis and increased susceptibility to phytoplasma insect vectors. SAP11 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) that targets this effector to plant cell nuclei. To further understand how SAP11 functions, we assessed the involvement of SAP11 regions in TCP binding and destabilization using a series of mutants. SAP11 mutants lacking the entire N-terminal domain, including the NLS, interacted with TCPs but did not destabilize them. SAP11 mutants lacking the C-terminal domain were impaired in both binding and destabilization of TCPs. These SAP11 mutants did not alter leaf morphogenesis. A SAP11 mutant that did not accumulate in plant nuclei (SAP11ΔNLS-NES) was able to bind and destabilize TCP transcription factors, but instigated weaker changes in leaf morphogenesis than wild-type SAP11. Overall the results suggest that phytoplasma effector SAP11 has a modular organization in which at least three domains are required for efficient CIN-TCP destabilization in plants.
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