Snared in an Evil Time: How Age-Dependent Environmental and Demographic Variability Contribute to Variance in Lifetime Outcomes

Snared in an Evil Time: How Age-Dependent Environmental and Demographic Variability Contribute to Variance in Lifetime Outcomes
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陷入邪恶的时代:年龄相关的环境和人口变化如何导致一生结果的差异

DOI:
10.1086/720411
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ellner, Stephen P.
Ellner, Stephen P.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Snyder, Robin E.;Ellner, Stephen P.

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无论成功是用一生的繁殖产量、寿命、树在树冠上的年数还是其他指标来衡量,在多大程度上是由个体的先天素质与外部事件和随机机会决定的?外部事件和机会如何与发展(生存和增长)相互作用以推动成功?为了回答这些问题,我们以两种方式扩展了我们早期对运气在一生结果中的年龄划分:我们纳入了外部环境变化的影响,我们将人口运气细分为生存和增长的贡献。将我们的方法应用到四个案例研究中,我们发现,生存、成长或环境变化中的运气都可能是成功的主要驱动力,这取决于生活史,但个体素质的变化仍然是一个较小的驱动力。各种形式的运气在很小的年龄和接近个人通常第一次开始成功的时候是最重要的(例如,进入树冠,达到生殖成熟),但不同形式的运气在不同的时间达到顶峰。例如,一个有利的一年可以推动一棵树进入树冠,而生存的运气需要充分利用这一幸运事件。
To what degree is lifetime success determined by innate individual quality versus external events and random chance, whether success is measured by lifetime reproductive output, life span, years that a tree spends in the canopy, or some other measure? And how do external events and chance interact with development (survival and growth) to drive success? To answer these questions, we extend our earlier age partitioning of luck in lifetime outcomes in two ways: we incorporate effects of external environmental variation, and we subdivide demographic luck into contributions from survival and growth. Applying our methods to four case studies, we find that luck in survival, in growth, or in environmental variation can all be the dominant driver of success, depending on life history, but variation in individual quality remains a lesser driver. Luck in its various forms is most important at very early ages and again close to the time when individuals typically first begin to be successful (e.g., entering the canopy, reaching reproductive maturity), but different forms of luck peak at different times. For example, a favorable year can boost a tree into the canopy, while luck in survival is required to take full advantage of that fortunate event.
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