Sediment transport and the freshwater modification of tidal hydraulics approaching a fjordic sill: The Falls of Lora, Loch Etive, western Scotland, UK
Sediment transport and the freshwater modification of tidal hydraulics approaching a fjordic sill: The Falls of Lora, Loch Etive, western Scotland, UK
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靠近峡湾的沉积物输送和潮汐水力学的淡水修正：英国苏格兰西部埃蒂夫湖的洛拉瀑布
DOI：
10.1002/esp.5614
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Armstrong C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armstrong C
洛拉瀑布(Fol)，洛伊特湖，展示了一个横跨浅(平均深度 =8米)Fjordic窗台的高能量潮汐站点。利用声学多普勒流剖面仪(ADCP)、数值水流模型、水位资料和气象资料研究了FOL的水动力。此外，四个测深时间序列数据集(2014年2月、2020年9月、2021年11月和2022年6月)通过监测海底沉积物底形的几何形状，提供了关于水流变异性的替代指示。流域综合降水量与剩余水高(剔除潮汐和大气压力的影响)之间的相关系数为0.22(−0.297.5%可信区间 <；0.2)。剩余水高变化0.77m。为模拟降水的影响，在模型的峡湾上开口处人为地增加水高0.6m，使落潮(洪水)射流的峰值深度平均流速增加(降低)0.44m/S(0.34m/S)，同时改变了Fol周围的残余流场。在相对高降雨期之后进行的两次水深测量中观察到的淡水修正的残余水流与水流横向沉积物脊向西移动有关。此外，在与降水增加有关的一次调查中，在浮标的西侧入口处观察到了沉积物沙丘中独特的波长伸展，主要是淡水增强的落潮流。峡上界水位从0.1米增加到0.6m，落潮流主导的沙丘平均推移质输沙量增加2.28×10~(−)~5m~3/S(增加370%)。与其他苏格兰峡湾相比，埃特尔特湖对基床水流的淡水影响异常高，但据预测，淡水输入对其他Fjordic系统的基床水动力和附近的泥沙输送路径有重大影响。
The Falls of Lora (FoL), Loch Etive, illustrates a highly energetic tidal site across a shallow (mean depth =8m) fjordic sill. The FoL hydrodynamics have been investigated using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), a numerical flow model, water‐level data and meteorological data. Additionally, four bathymetric timeseries datasets (from February 2014, September 2020, November 2021 and June 2022) provided alternative indication of flow variability by monitoring the geometry of submarine sediment bedforms. A correlation of0.22(−0.2<97.5% confidence interval <0.2) was found between catchment‐integrated precipitation and residual water height (with effects of tide and atmospheric pressure removed). Residual water height varied by0.77m. Artificially increasing the water height by up to0.6m at the model's up‐fjord open boundary to emulate the effects of precipitation increased (decreased) peak depth‐averaged flow speed of the ebb (flood) jet by0.44m/s (0.34m/s) whilst modifying residual flow fields around the FoL. The freshwater‐modified residual flow correlated with the westward displacement of a flow transverse sediment ridge observed in two bathymetric surveys conducted after periods of relatively high precipitation. Additionally, in one of the surveys associated with increased precipitation, wavelength stretching in the sediment dunes was observed uniquely at the western approach to the FoL, dominated by the freshwater‐enhanced ebb flow. Increasing the water levels of the up‐fjord boundary from0.1to0.6m resulted in an increased mean bedload transport of2.28×10−5m3/s (370% increase) for these dunes dominated by the ebb current. Whereas Loch Etive has an anomalously high freshwater influence on sill flow compared with other Scottish fjords, it is predicted that freshwater inputs are a significant influence on sill hydrodynamics and nearby sediment transport pathways in other fjordic systems.
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