The Impact of Vaccination and Prior Exposure on Stool Shedding of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in 6 Controlled Human Infection Studies.
The Impact of Vaccination and Prior Exposure on Stool Shedding of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in 6 Controlled Human Infection Studies.
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciy670
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发表时间：
2019-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pollard AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibani MM;Voysey M;Jin C;Jones C;Thomaides-Brears H;Jones E;Baker P;Morgan M;Simmons A;Gordon MA;Cerundolo V;Pitzer VE;Angus B;Levine MM;Darton TC;Pollard AJ
进行了六项伤寒沙门氏菌或副伤寒沙门氏菌人类攻击研究，并进行每日粪便培养。含 Vi 的疫苗可以减少细菌脱落，而 Ty21a 或实验性疫苗则不能。较高的 Vi 免疫球蛋白 G 滴度与脱落减少相关。伤寒沙门氏菌或副伤寒沙门氏菌在粪便或尿液中的排出会导致食物或水的污染，这是肠热病传播的先决条件。目前，关于疫苗接种或既往接触对粪便排泄的影响的数据有限。 2011 年至 2017 年间进行了六项伤寒沙门氏菌或副伤寒菌人类攻击研究。参与者要么未接种疫苗，要么接种了 4 种疫苗中的一种：Vi-多糖 (Vi-PS)、Vi-破伤风类毒素结合疫苗 (Vi-TT)、口服活活 Ty21a 疫苗或实验疫苗 (M01ZH09)。攻击后 14 天每天收集粪便培养物。共收集了 430 名志愿者的 4934 份粪便样本。接受 Vi-PS 或 Vi-TT 的参与者比未接种疫苗的参与者脱落较少（Vi-PS 和 Vi-TT 的比值比 [OR]，0.34；95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.15–0.77；P = 0.010 和 OR，0.41；95% CI，0.19–0.91，P = 0.029）。较高的抗 Vi 免疫球蛋白 G 滴度与较少的伤寒沙门氏菌脱落相关 (P < .0001)。 Ty21a 疫苗未显着减少脱落（OR，0.57；95% CI，0.27–1.20；P = .140）。以前接触过伤寒沙门氏菌的个体比以前未接触过伤寒沙门氏菌的个体排毒量要少（OR，0.30；95% CI，0.1-0.8；P = 0.016）。伤寒沙门氏菌的脱落比副伤寒沙门氏菌更常见。预先接种 Vi 疫苗或自然感染可减少伤寒沙门氏菌的进一步传播。 Vi-TT 的现场试验应旨在检测间接保护，反映在人类挑战模型中观察到的粪便脱落减少的结果。
Six Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi human challenge studies were conducted, and daily stool cultures performed. Vi-containing vaccines reduced bacterial shedding, Ty21a or an experimental vaccine did not. Higher Vi immunoglobulin G titers were associated with reduced shedding. Shedding of Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi in the stool or urine leads to contamination of food or water, which is a prerequisite for transmission of enteric fever. Currently, there are limited data on the effect of vaccination or prior exposure on stool shedding. Six Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi human challenge studies were conducted between 2011 and 2017. Participants were either unvaccinated or vaccinated with 1 of 4 vaccines: Vi-polysaccharide (Vi-PS), Vi-tetanus-toxoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT), live oral Ty21a vaccine, or an experimental vaccine (M01ZH09). Daily stool cultures were collected for 14 days after challenge. There were 4934 stool samples collected from 430 volunteers. Participants who received Vi-PS or Vi-TT shed less than unvaccinated participants (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.77; P = .010 and OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19–0.91, P = .029 for Vi-PS and Vi-TT, respectively). Higher anti-Vi immunoglobulin G titers were associated with less shedding of S. Typhi (P < .0001). A nonsignificant reduction in shedding was associated with Ty21a vaccine (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27–1.20; P = .140). Individuals previously exposed to S. Typhi shed less than previously unexposed individuals (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.1–0.8; P = .016). Shedding of S. Typhi was more common than S. Paratyphi. Prior vaccination with Vi vaccines, or natural infection, reduces onward transmission of S. Typhi. Field trials of Vi-TT should be designed to detect indirect protection, reflecting the consequence of reduced stool shedding observed in the human challenge model.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Dobinson, Hazel C.;Gibani, Malick M.;Pollard, Andrew J.
通讯作者：
Pollard, Andrew J.
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
GILMAN, RH;HORNICK, RB;LIBONATI, JP
通讯作者：
LIBONATI, JP
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Sur, Dipika;Ochiai, R. Leon;Clemens, John D.
通讯作者：
Clemens, John D.
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32149-9
发表时间：
2017-12-02
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jin C;Gibani MM;Moore M;Juel HB;Jones E;Meiring J;Harris V;Gardner J;Nebykova A;Kerridge SA;Hill J;Thomaides-Brears H;Blohmke CJ;Yu LM;Angus B;Pollard AJ
通讯作者：
Pollard AJ
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Saul A;Smith T;Maire N
通讯作者：
Maire N