Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems.
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a resource for farmland insect pollinators: quantifying floral traits in conventional varieties and breeding systems.
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油菜（甘蓝型油菜）作为农田昆虫传粉媒介的资源：量化传统品种和育种系统中的花性状。
DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12438
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haughton AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carruthers JM;Cook SM;Wright GA;Osborne JL;Clark SJ;Swain JL;Haughton AJ
油菜（Brassica napus L.）是温带地区的主要作物，为许多食用花蜜的增产昆虫访花者提供重要的营养来源。操纵的机制，控制各种作物植物性状的传粉者的利益，已被建议在出价增加粮食安全，但鲜为人知的是，在当代OSR品种或在OSR育种计划中使用的育种系统的固有花性状表达。我们研究了温室种植的一系列花卉性状，认证的冬季OSR常规品种，以测试育种系统之间和内部的变化。我们测量了24 h花蜜分泌速率，每朵花花蜜糖的量，浓度和比率，以及来自24个OSR品种的每株植物产生的花的大小和数量，这些OSR代表自由授粉（OP），核雄性不育（GMS）杂交和细胞质雄性不育（CMS）杂交育种系统。糖浓度是一致的育种系统之间和内部，然而，GMS杂交产生更多的花蜜和更多的糖比CMS杂交或OP品种每花。除OP品种的果糖/葡萄糖比值外，其他花蜜性状在所有育种体系中表现一致。当规模化时，GMS杂种比OP品种单株生产的花蜜资源多1.73倍。OSR植物的花蜜产量和花蜜糖量与花的数量和大小无关。我们的数据表明，温室种植的OSR的花性状在育种系统中存在差异，这表明对昆虫访花者（包括传粉者）的花蜜奖励的操纵和增强可以包括在未来的OSR育种计划中。
Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus L.) is a major crop in temperate regions and provides an important source of nutrition to many of the yield‐enhancing insect flower visitors that consume floral nectar. The manipulation of mechanisms that control various crop plant traits for the benefit of pollinators has been suggested in the bid to increase food security, but little is known about inherent floral trait expression in contemporary OSR varieties or the breeding systems used in OSR breeding programmes. We studied a range of floral traits in glasshouse‐grown, certified conventional varieties of winter OSR to test for variation among and within breeding systems. We measured 24‐h nectar secretion rate, amount, concentration and ratio of nectar sugars per flower, and sizes and number of flowers produced per plant from 24 varieties of OSR representing open‐pollinated (OP), genic male sterility (GMS) hybrid and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) hybrid breeding systems. Sugar concentration was consistent among and within the breeding systems; however, GMS hybrids produced more nectar and more sugar per flower than CMS hybrid or OP varieties. With the exception of ratio of fructose/glucose in OP varieties, we found that nectar traits were consistent within all the breeding systems. When scaled, GMS hybrids produced 1.73 times more nectar resource per plant than OP varieties. Nectar production and amount of nectar sugar in OSR plants were independent of number and size of flowers. Our data show that floral traits of glasshouse‐grown OSR differed among breeding systems, suggesting that manipulation and enhancement of nectar rewards for insect flower visitors, including pollinators, could be included in future OSR breeding programmes.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Bellaoui, M;Grelon, M;Budar, F
通讯作者：
Budar, F
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Conner, JK;Rush, S
通讯作者：
Rush, S
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12222
发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
The Journal of applied ecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Becher MA;Grimm V;Thorbek P;Horn J;Kennedy PJ;Osborne JL
通讯作者：
Osborne JL
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Carvalheiro LG;Kunin WE;Keil P;Aguirre-Gutiérrez J;Ellis WN;Fox R;Groom Q;Hennekens S;Van Landuyt W;Maes D;Van de Meutter F;Michez D;Rasmont P;Ode B;Potts SG;Reemer M;Roberts SP;Schaminée J;WallisDeVries MF;Biesmeijer JC
通讯作者：
Biesmeijer JC
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Baude, Mathilde;Leloup, Julie;Raynaud, Xavier
通讯作者：
Raynaud, Xavier