Cellular immune assays for evaluation of vaccine efficacy in developing countries
Cellular immune assays for evaluation of vaccine efficacy in developing countries
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用于评估发展中国家疫苗功效的细胞免疫测定
DOI：
10.1128/9781555815905.ch35
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
D. Birx
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Cox;M. deSouza;S. Ratto;G. Ferrari;K. Weinhold;D. Birx
对免疫反应，特别是对疟疾、结核病（TB）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和癌症患者的细胞介导的免疫反应的更好理解，将导致改进疫苗设计。目前，细胞免疫应答的体外分析被用于评估治疗性和预防性疫苗的功效、用于临床诊断以及用于免疫调节的研究。本章的作者从事HIV疫苗试验已有15年，并与发达国家和发展中国家的实验室合作或在这些实验室工作过。当进行细胞免疫学测定时，外周血单核细胞（PBMC），特别是细胞膜的完整性对于成功至关重要。在一项单独的实验中，作者评估了从采集到处理的时间对淋巴细胞亚群（总T细胞、CD 4和CD 8 T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞）比例的影响。标准LPA测量抗原诱导的细胞分裂。细胞（通常是PBMC）在不同浓度的抗原（特异性）或有丝分裂原（非特异性）刺激物存在下孵育。对有丝分裂原、回忆抗原和HIV抗原的应答者的百分比对于新鲜和冷冻保存的PBMC的比较是一致的。CD8+ T淋巴细胞能够介导多种效应机制，并可能为针对多种感染性病原体和肿瘤的保护性免疫提供基础。通过在国内开展研究，考虑了宿主基因、健康和营养状况以及患者疾病负担的影响。
A greater understanding of the immune response, particularly of cell-mediated immune responses in malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cancer patients, will lead to improved vaccine design. Currently, in vitro analyses of cellular immune responses are being used for assessments of the efficacy of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines, for clinical diagnosis, and for studies of immune regulation. This chapter was compiled by authors who have been involved in HIV vaccine testing for 15 years and have been collaborating with or have worked in laboratories in both developed and developing countries. When conducting cellular immunology assays, the integrity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), especially the cellular membranes, is critical for success. In a separate experiment, the authors assessed the effect of the time from collection to processing on the proportions of lymphocyte subsets (total T cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, and NK cells). The standard LPA measures antigen-induced cell division. Cells (usually PBMC) are incubated in the presence of various concentrations of an antigen (specific) or mitogen (nonspecific) stimulus of interest. The percentages of responders to mitogens, recall antigens, and HIV antigens were consistent for comparisons of fresh and cryopreserved PBMC. CD8+ T lymphocytes are able to mediate a variety of effector mechanisms and may provide the basis for protective immunity against a diverse array of infectious pathogens and tumors. The influences of host genes, health and nutrition status, and disease burden of patients are taken into consideration by conducting studies in-country.
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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