DNA methylation of cancer genome.

DNA methylation of cancer genome.
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DOI:
10.1002/bdrc.20163
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发表时间:
2009-12
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Chan, Wai-Yee
Chan, Wai-Yee
中科院分区:
生物1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cheung, Hoi-Hung;Lee, Tin-Lap;Rennert, Owen M.;Chan, Wai-Yee

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DNA甲基化在调节正常发育和肿瘤发生中起重要作用。目前对DNA甲基化的生物学作用的理解仅限于其在基因转录、基因组印记、基因组稳定性和X染色体失活的调节中的作用。在过去的20年中,与正常人相比,癌症表观基因组中已经发现了大量的变化。这些改变分为两大类,即肿瘤抑制基因的高甲基化和癌基因或异染色质的低甲基化。已经在多种癌症类型中鉴定了控制细胞周期、增殖、凋亡、转移、耐药性和细胞内信号传导的基因的异常甲基化。最近的进展,在全基因组分析的甲基化组已经产生了许多差异甲基化的区域,其功能在很大程度上是未知的。随着高分辨率平铺微阵列和高通量DNA测序的发展,更多的癌症甲基化组将被描绘,促进识别与肿瘤发生相关的新候选基因或ncRNA,新的预后标志物,以及发现癌症治疗的新靶基因。
DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating normal development and carcinogenesis. Current understanding of the biological roles of DNA methylation is limited to its role in the regulation of gene transcription, genomic imprinting, genomic stability, and X chromosome inactivation. In the past 2 decades, a large number of changes have been identified in cancer epigenomes when compared with normals. These alterations fall into two main categories, namely, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of oncogenes or heterochromatin, respectively. Aberrant methylation of genes controlling the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, drug resistance, and intracellular signaling has been identified in multiple cancer types. Recent advancements in whole-genome analysis of methylome have yielded numerous differentially methylated regions, the functions of which are largely unknown. With the development of high resolution tiling microarrays and high throughput DNA sequencing, more cancer methylomes will be profiled, facilitating the identification of new candidate genes or ncRNAs that are related to oncogenesis, new prognostic markers, and the discovery of new target genes for cancer therapy.†
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