The hidden effects of recalling secrets: Assimilation, contrast, and the burdens of secrecy.
The hidden effects of recalling secrets: Assimilation, contrast, and the burdens of secrecy.
复制标题
回忆秘密的隐藏影响：同化、对比和秘密的负担。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Galinsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Slepian;E. Masicampo;A. Galinsky
三项高功率研究（N = 3，000）表明，要求参与者回忆一次操作体验可能会产生意想不到的后果。回忆起令人担忧的秘密的参与者对外部环境做出了更极端的判断，支持保密是负担的概念。然而，这种影响仅在一部分参与者中发现（即，成功回忆起与他们的状况相对应的秘密的参与者）。我们引入操纵对应的概念来理解这些结果模式。在不考虑参与者回忆的秘密是否与他们的操纵相对应的情况下，回忆操纵对斜坡倾斜判断没有主要影响。在那些秘密与操纵不一致的参与者中，出现了对比效应（即，对与回忆提示的意图相反的知觉判断的影响）。此外，根据提示回忆一个秘密的过程可能会导致与该提示的对比。将参与者暴露在极端的样本秘密中可以实验性地产生或抵消这种对比效应。全神贯注的秘密是繁重的，但是对这种现象的测试必须考虑参与者是否实际上全神贯注于他们的秘密（即，他们回忆的秘密是否与实验操作相对应），或者实验性地确保参与者判断他们的秘密与操作一致。更广泛地说，目前的研究谈到了回忆操纵的基本原则;当回忆一个特定的经历时，与操纵的对应关系将决定其效果，回忆一个经历的过程（并将其与提示进行比较）可能会改变一个人对该经历的感知。（PsycINFO数据库记录
Three high-power studies (N = 3,000 total) demonstrated that asking participants to recall an experience as a manipulation can have unintended consequences. Participants who recalled preoccupying secrets made more extreme judgments of an external environment, supporting the notion that secrecy is burdensome. This influence was found, however, only among a subset of participants (i.e., participants who successfully recalled secrets that corresponded to their condition). We introduce the concept of manipulation correspondence to understand these patterns of results. Without taking into account whether participants' recalled secrets corresponded to their manipulation, there was no main effect of the recall manipulation on hill slant judgments. Among participants whose secrets did not correspond with the manipulation, a contrast effect emerged (i.e., influences on perceptual judgments opposite to the intention of the recall prompts). Moreover, the very process of recalling a secret in response to a prompt can lead to contrast from that prompt. Exposing participants to extreme exemplar secrets can experimentally produce, or counteract, this contrast effect. Preoccupying secrets are burdensome but tests of this phenomenon must take into account whether participants are actually preoccupied with their secrets (i.e., whether their recalled secrets correspond with the experimental manipulation), or experimentally ensure that participants judge their secrets as in line with the manipulation. More broadly, the current research speaks to a fundamental principle of recall manipulations; when recalling a particular experience, correspondence with the manipulation will determine its effects, and the process of recalling an experience (and comparing it to a prompt) might change how one perceives that experience. (PsycINFO Database Record
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Maner, Jon K.;DeWall, C. Nathan;Schaller, Mark
通讯作者：
Schaller, Mark
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Cole, SW;Kemeny, ME;Visscher, BR
通讯作者：
Visscher, BR