The missing dead: The lost role of animal remains in nutrient cycling in North American Rivers
The missing dead: The lost role of animal remains in nutrient cycling in North American Rivers
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失踪的死者：动物遗骸在北美河流养分循环中失去的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00106
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Freeman, Mary C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wenger, Seth J.;Subalusky, Amanda L.;Freeman, Mary C.
虽然落叶、木材和其他植物残骸在湖泊生态系统中发挥着重要作用，但动物遗骸（尸体、骨头、贝壳）却很少受到关注。我们提出了一个简单的分类方案，动物遗骸在河流的基础上起源（autochthonous与异地）和频率（脉冲与连续）。然后，我们提出的案例研究中，我们估计前生物量的几个分类组，现在减少了丰富的，以确定他们的遗体是否可能在历史上构成了显着的营养物质在北美的河流流量。我们专注于骨骼和贝壳，它们分解缓慢，可以提供长期的营养库。我们发现，鳄鱼咬龟的尸体，一旦丰富的东南部河流，可以提供一个量的磷相当于约1%的总磷（TP）负载在中等流量，更多的低流量。贻贝壳可能也贡献了类似的数量（TP的0.8%），但海狸尸体的贡献，即使在以前的丰度，可能很小。相比之下，一个单一的记录大规模溺水的野牛在阿西尼博因河可能有一半的年度TP负荷的河流。在北美大多数野生陆地巨型动物灭绝之前，这种溺水可能是一种常见的现象。我们的结论是，动物残留物，特别是异地仍然从陆生动物，以前发挥了重要作用，在营养循环。在参考条件下，现有的生态系统功能模型是不完整的，没有考虑这些失去的动物遗产。
While leaf litter, wood, and other plant remnants are known to play a central role in lotic ecosystems, animal remains (carcasses, bones, shells) have received less attention. We propose a simple classification scheme for animal remains in rivers based on origin (authochthonous vs. allochthonous) and frequency (pulsed vs continuous). We then present case studies in which we estimate the former biomass of several taxonomic groups that are now diminished in abundance to determine whether their remains could have historically constituted a significant flux of nutrients in rivers of North America. We focus on bones and shells, which decompose slowly and could provide long-term reservoirs of nutrients. We find that carcasses of alligator snapping turtles, once abundant in southeastern rivers, could have provided an amount of phosphorus equivalent to about 1% of total phosphorus (TP) load at median flow, and more at low flows. Mussel shells could have contributed a similar amount (0.8% of TP) but the contribution of beaver carcasses, even at former abundances, was likely small. In contrast, a single documented mass drowning of bison in the Assiniboine River could have contributed half the annual TP load for that river. Such drownings could have been a common occurrence prior to the loss of most wild terrestrial megafauna in North America. We conclude that animal remnants, particularly allochthonous remains from terrestrial animals, formerly played a substantial role in nutrient cycling. Existing models of ecosystem function under reference conditions are incomplete without consideration of these lost animal legacies.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2016.2116
发表时间：
2017-01-11
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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