Ethnic antagonism erodes Republicans' commitment to democracy.
Ethnic antagonism erodes Republicans' commitment to democracy.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2007747117
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发表时间：
2020-09-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bartels LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartels LM
世界各地日益严重的党派两极分化和民主“倒退”引发了人们对普通美国人对民主制度和程序的依恋的担忧。我发现大量共和党人支持考虑违反关键民主规范的声明，包括尊重法律和选举结果以及避免使用武力来追求政治目的。迄今为止，这些反民主态度最有力的预测因素是种族对抗，尤其是对移民、非裔美国人和拉丁裔的政治权力和对政府资源的要求的担忧。以种族为中心的共和党人强烈倾向于支持暴力和无法无天，甚至是前瞻性和假设性的，这突显了种族冲突在当代美国政治中的重要性。大多数共和党人在 2020 年 1 月的一项调查中一致认为，“美国传统生活方式正在迅速消失，我们可能不得不使用武力来拯救它。”超过 40% 的人同意“总有一天，爱国的美国人必须将法律掌握在自己手中。” （在这两种情况下，其余大多数人都表示不确定；只有四分之一或五人不同意。）我使用 127 个调查项目来衡量这些和其他反民主情绪的六个潜在基础：党派影响、对特朗普总统的热情、政治犬儒主义、经济保守主义、文化保守主义和种族对抗。迄今为止，对于共和党普通民众以及由教育、地区、性别和政治态度定义的各种亚群体而言，最有力的预测因素是种族对抗，尤其是对移民、非裔美国人和拉丁裔的政治权力和对政府资源的要求的担忧。种族对抗对共和党民主承诺的侵蚀性影响凸显了种族冲突在当代美国政治中的重要性。
Growing partisan polarization and democratic “backsliding” in various parts of the world have raised concerns about the attachment of ordinary Americans to democratic institutions and procedures. I find that substantial numbers of Republicans endorse statements contemplating violations of key democratic norms, including respect for the law and for the outcomes of elections and eschewing the use of force in pursuit of political ends. The strongest predictor by far of these antidemocratic attitudes is ethnic antagonism—especially concerns about the political power and claims on government resources of immigrants, African-Americans, and Latinos. The strong tendency of ethnocentric Republicans to countenance violence and lawlessness, even prospectively and hypothetically, underlines the significance of ethnic conflict in contemporary US politics. Most Republicans in a January 2020 survey agreed that “the traditional American way of life is disappearing so fast that we may have to use force to save it.” More than 40% agreed that “a time will come when patriotic Americans have to take the law into their own hands.” (In both cases, most of the rest said they were unsure; only one in four or five disagreed.) I use 127 survey items to measure six potential bases of these and other antidemocratic sentiments: partisan affect, enthusiasm for President Trump, political cynicism, economic conservatism, cultural conservatism, and ethnic antagonism. The strongest predictor by far, for the Republican rank-and-file as a whole and for a variety of subgroups defined by education, locale, sex, and political attitudes, is ethnic antagonism—especially concerns about the political power and claims on government resources of immigrants, African-Americans, and Latinos. The corrosive impact of ethnic antagonism on Republicans’ commitment to democracy underlines the significance of ethnic conflict in contemporary US politics.
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