Global conservation significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park.
Global conservation significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008767
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发表时间：
2010-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kunz TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bass MS;Finer M;Jenkins CN;Kreft H;Cisneros-Heredia DF;McCracken SF;Pitman NC;English PH;Swing K;Villa G;Di Fiore A;Voigt CC;Kunz TH
厄瓜多尔亚苏尼国家公园面临的威胁与大亚马逊西部地区所面临的威胁是典型的，亚马逊西部地区是世界上仅存的高生物多样性荒野地区之一。值得注意的是，该国第二大未开发石油储量（称为“ITT”）位于该公园完好无损的偏远地区下方。亚苏尼的保护意义可能会在即将到来的国家级和国际决策中发挥重要作用，包括是否开发石油或投资替代品。我们首次全面综合了亚苏尼的生物多样性数据。通过绘制两栖动物、鸟类、哺乳动物和植物的分布图，我们发现厄瓜多尔东部和秘鲁北部是南美洲唯一两个所有四个分类群的物种丰富度中心重叠的地区。这个四重丰富的中心只有一个可行的严格保护区（世界自然保护联盟 I-IV 级）：亚苏尼。该公园仅占四重财富中心面积的 14%，而活跃或拟建的石油特许权则占 79%。使用实地库存数据，我们将亚苏尼的当地（α）和景观（γ）多样性与亚马逊西部和全球的其他地点进行了比较。这些分析进一步表明，亚苏尼是地球上生物多样性最丰富的地方之一，两栖动物、爬行动物、蝙蝠和树木的世界丰富度记录明显。亚苏尼还保护大量受威胁物种和地区特有物种。亚苏尼因其非凡的生物多样性和长期维持这种生物多样性的潜力而具有突出的全球保护意义，因为它：1) 面积大，具有荒野特征；2) 完整的大型脊椎动物群落；3) 在缺乏其他严格保护区的地区，处于 IUCN 二级保护地位；4) 在预计气候变化引起的东部干旱加剧的情况下，有可能维持湿润的雨林条件 亚马逊。然而，亚苏尼的进一步石油开发危及其保护价值。这些发现构成了政策建议的科学基础，包括停止亚苏尼任何新的石油活动和道路建设，以及在邻近的秘鲁北部设立大规模开发的禁区。
The threats facing Ecuador's Yasuní National Park are emblematic of those confronting the greater western Amazon, one of the world's last high-biodiversity wilderness areas. Notably, the country's second largest untapped oil reserves—called “ITT”—lie beneath an intact, remote section of the park. The conservation significance of Yasuní may weigh heavily in upcoming state-level and international decisions, including whether to develop the oil or invest in alternatives. We conducted the first comprehensive synthesis of biodiversity data for Yasuní. Mapping amphibian, bird, mammal, and plant distributions, we found eastern Ecuador and northern Peru to be the only regions in South America where species richness centers for all four taxonomic groups overlap. This quadruple richness center has only one viable strict protected area (IUCN levels I–IV): Yasuní. The park covers just 14% of the quadruple richness center's area, whereas active or proposed oil concessions cover 79%. Using field inventory data, we compared Yasuní's local (alpha) and landscape (gamma) diversity to other sites, in the western Amazon and globally. These analyses further suggest that Yasuní is among the most biodiverse places on Earth, with apparent world richness records for amphibians, reptiles, bats, and trees. Yasuní also protects a considerable number of threatened species and regional endemics. Yasuní has outstanding global conservation significance due to its extraordinary biodiversity and potential to sustain this biodiversity in the long term because of its 1) large size and wilderness character, 2) intact large-vertebrate assemblage, 3) IUCN level-II protection status in a region lacking other strict protected areas, and 4) likelihood of maintaining wet, rainforest conditions while anticipated climate change-induced drought intensifies in the eastern Amazon. However, further oil development in Yasuní jeopardizes its conservation values. These findings form the scientific basis for policy recommendations, including stopping any new oil activities and road construction in Yasuní and creating areas off-limits to large-scale development in adjacent northern Peru.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Dove, Carla J.;Agreda, Ana
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