The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions.
The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions.
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DOI：
10.1186/1741-7007-8-30
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发表时间：
2010-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kristensen RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danovaro R;Dell'Anno A;Pusceddu A;Gambi C;Heiner I;Kristensen RM
一些单细胞生物（原核生物和原生动物）可以在永久缺氧条件下生存。虽然一些后生动物可以在缺氧的情况下暂时存活，但据信多细胞生物不能在没有自由氧的情况下度过其整个生命周期。深海包括地球上一些最极端的生态系统，如地中海的深层高盐缺氧盆地。这些是永久缺氧的系统，居住着巨大的和部分未开发的微生物生物多样性。在过去的十年中，进行了三次海洋学考察，以寻找深缺氧高盐的L'Atalante盆地（地中海）沉积物中存在的活动物。我们在这里报告说，L'Atalante盆地的沉积物中居住着三种动物门Loricifera（Spinoloricus nov. sp.，Rugiloricus nov. sp.和Pliciloricus nov.新的科学。使用放射性示踪剂，生化分析，定量X射线微量分析和红外光谱，扫描和透射电子显微镜观察超切片，我们提供的证据表明，这些生物体是代谢活跃，并显示特定的适应极端条件下的深盆，如缺乏线粒体，和大量的氢酶体样细胞器，与内共生原核生物。这是第一次有证据表明后生动物的生命周期完全在永久缺氧的沉积物中度过。我们的研究结果使我们也可以得出结论，这些后生动物生活在缺氧条件下，通过专性厌氧代谢，这是类似的，到目前为止，只有单细胞真核生物。这些生命形式的发现为在缺乏分子氧的生境中研究后生动物生命开辟了新的视角。
Several unicellular organisms (prokaryotes and protozoa) can live under permanently anoxic conditions. Although a few metazoans can survive temporarily in the absence of oxygen, it is believed that multi-cellular organisms cannot spend their entire life cycle without free oxygen. Deep seas include some of the most extreme ecosystems on Earth, such as the deep hypersaline anoxic basins of the Mediterranean Sea. These are permanently anoxic systems inhabited by a huge and partly unexplored microbial biodiversity. During the last ten years three oceanographic expeditions were conducted to search for the presence of living fauna in the sediments of the deep anoxic hypersaline L'Atalante basin (Mediterranean Sea). We report here that the sediments of the L'Atalante basin are inhabited by three species of the animal phylum Loricifera (Spinoloricus nov. sp., Rugiloricus nov. sp. and Pliciloricus nov. sp.) new to science. Using radioactive tracers, biochemical analyses, quantitative X-ray microanalysis and infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations on ultra-sections, we provide evidence that these organisms are metabolically active and show specific adaptations to the extreme conditions of the deep basin, such as the lack of mitochondria, and a large number of hydrogenosome-like organelles, associated with endosymbiotic prokaryotes. This is the first evidence of a metazoan life cycle that is spent entirely in permanently anoxic sediments. Our findings allow us also to conclude that these metazoans live under anoxic conditions through an obligate anaerobic metabolism that is similar to that demonstrated so far only for unicellular eukaryotes. The discovery of these life forms opens new perspectives for the study of metazoan life in habitats lacking molecular oxygen.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Danovaro, Roberto;Dell'Anno, Antonio;Weinbauer, Markus
通讯作者：
Weinbauer, Markus
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Heiner, Iben
通讯作者：
Heiner, Iben
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Kuypers, MMM;Sliekers, AO;Jetten, MSM
通讯作者：
Jetten, MSM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Boxma, B;de Graaf, RM;Hackstein, JHP
通讯作者：
Hackstein, JHP
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Danovaro, R;Corinaldesi, C;Corselli, C
通讯作者：
Corselli, C