Natural killer cell biology: an update and future directions.

Natural killer cell biology: an update and future directions.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.006
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
14.2
通讯作者:
Hasegawa, Jun
Hasegawa, Jun
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Campbell, Kerry S.;Hasegawa, Jun

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自然杀伤(NK)细胞构成正常淋巴细胞的一个小亚群,其启动针对肿瘤和病毒感染细胞的先天性免疫应答。它们可以介导对这些异常细胞的自发细胞毒性,并迅速分泌多种细胞因子和趋化因子,以促进随后的适应性免疫应答。在过去的二十年中,我们已经取得了重大进展,以提高我们对NK细胞生物学的理解。在这里,我们回顾了最近的发现,包括更好地理解NK细胞的“教育”,以实现其成熟过程中的功能能力和NK细胞的“记忆”反应的发现,这表明它们也可能有助于获得性免疫。对NK细胞生物学的进一步了解使人们更加认识到这些细胞在免疫反应中发挥着不可或缺的早期作用。此外,几种有前途的临床疗法已被用于开发NK细胞在治疗癌症患者中的功能。随着我们对分子生物学理解的提高,这些和未来的免疫疗法应该继续提供有希望的策略,以利用NK细胞的独特功能来治疗癌症,感染和其他病理条件。
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute a minor subset of normal lymphocytes that initiate innate immune responses toward tumor and virus-infected cells. They can mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity toward these abnormal cells and rapidly secrete numerous cytokines and chemokines to promote subsequent adaptive immune responses. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades to improve our understanding of NK cell biology. Here we review recent discoveries, including a better comprehension of the “education” of NK cells to achieve functional competence during their maturation and the discovery of “memory” responses by NK cells suggesting that they may also contribute to adaptive immunity. The improved understanding of NK cell biology has forged greater awareness that these cells play integral early roles in immune responses. In addition, several promising clinical therapies have been used to exploit NK cell functions in treating cancer patients. As our molecular understanding improves, these and future immunotherapies should continue to provide promising strategies to exploit the unique functions of NK cells to treat cancer, infections, and other pathological conditions.
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