The evolution of juvenile susceptibility to infectious disease.
The evolution of juvenile susceptibility to infectious disease.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0844
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发表时间：
2018-06-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bruns E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashby B;Bruns E
繁殖前的感染通常比生命后期的感染对宿主产生更大的适应性成本，这表明选择应该倾向于支持少年抗性。然而，青少年通常比成年人更容易在广泛的宿主类群。虽然生理上的限制和缺乏事先接触可以解释这种模式的一些，在植物和昆虫的研究表明，主机可能会权衡青少年的易感性对其他生活史特征。然而，目前还不清楚如何权衡塑造青少年易感性的演变。在这里，我们从理论上探讨了青少年易感性的演变与成熟或繁殖的权衡，这可能是由于在发展过程中的资源分配（例如，优先增长免疫防御）。我们展示了宿主的寿命，成熟的概率（即达到成人阶段）和传输模式如何影响结果。我们的关键发现是，预计少年易感性升高将在广泛的条件下演变，但当宿主具有中等寿命和中等概率达到成年阶段时，易感性应该最低。我们的研究结果阐明了权衡和人口的流行病学人口结构之间的相互作用如何导致青少年易感性升高的演变。
Infection prior to reproduction usually carries greater fitness costs for hosts than infection later in life, suggesting selection should tend to favour juvenile resistance. Yet, juveniles are generally more susceptible than adults across a wide spectrum of host taxa. While physiological constraints and a lack of prior exposure can explain some of this pattern, studies in plants and insects suggest that hosts may trade off juvenile susceptibility against other life-history traits. However, it is unclear precisely how trade-offs shape the evolution of juvenile susceptibility. Here, we theoretically explore the evolution of juvenile susceptibility subject to trade-offs with maturation or reproduction, which could realistically occur due to resource allocation during development (e.g. prioritizing growth over immune defence). We show how host lifespan, the probability of maturation (i.e. of reaching the adult stage) and transmission mode affect the results. Our key finding is that elevated juvenile susceptibility is expected to evolve over a wide range of conditions, but should be lowest when hosts have moderate lifespans and an intermediate probability of reaching the adult stage. Our results elucidate how interactions between trade-offs and the epidemiological-demographic structure of the population can lead to the evolution of elevated juvenile susceptibility.
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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