Enzymatic Synthesis of Artificial Polysaccharides
Enzymatic Synthesis of Artificial Polysaccharides
复制标题
人工多糖的酶法合成
DOI：
10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03622
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Pfrengle, Fabian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Peter J.;Ortiz-Soto, Maria Elena;Roth, Christian;Barnes, William J.;Seibel, Jürgen;Urbanowicz, Breeanna R.;Pfrengle, Fabian
多糖是地球上最重要的可再生聚合物，在生产生态友好型功能材料方面具有巨大的潜力。除了可持续性之外，它们还具有优于合成聚合物的上级性能，特别是在生物相容性和生物降解性至关重要的生物医学领域。从植物生物质中获得的多糖的衍生化为设计和制造具有特定特性的先进材料铺平了道路，以满足最终的需求。然而，由于建立结构-性质关系的问题，这些进展受到严重限制，这些问题受到目标多糖的异质性和化学修饰后获得的官能团的随机分布的阻碍。在多个长度尺度上的结构-性质关系的准确相关性需要具有定义的大小、序列和取代模式的底物。这种定制的多糖可以通过实施自下而上的方法来获得，从单糖或寡糖结构单元开始，然后通过不同的碳水化合物活性酶如糖苷酶、磷酸化酶、蔗糖酶和糖基转移酶的催化进行聚合和取代。综述了近年来人工多糖的酶法合成研究进展，重点介绍了人工多糖作为新材料和研究结构-性能关系的潜在价值。所获得的信息将指导合理设计的生物基材料的工业和生物医学应用的未来发展。
Polysaccharides are the most important renewable polymers on Earth and hold an enormous potential for the production of ecofriendly functional materials. In addition to being sustainable, they have superior properties to synthetic polymers, particularly in the biomedical field where biocompatibility and biodegradability are vital. Derivatization of polysaccharides obtained from plant biomass paves the path forward for the design and manufacturing of advanced materials with specific properties adapted to meet definitive needs. However, these advances have been severely limited due to issues with establishing structure–property relationships, which are hampered by the heterogeneity of target polysaccharides and the random distribution of functional groups obtained after their chemical modification. An accurate correlation of structure–property relationships at multiple length scales requires substrates with defined sizes, sequences, and substitution patterns. Such tailor-made polysaccharides may be obtained by implementing a bottom-up approach, starting from monosaccharide or oligosaccharide building blocks followed by their polymerization and substitution through catalysis by different carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycosynthases, phosphorylases, sucrases, and glycosyltransferases. Recent progress in the enzymatic synthesis of artificial polysaccharides is reviewed, with an emphasis on the potential of the synthesized products, either as new materials or as tools to study structure–property relationships. The obtained information will guide future developments of rationally designed biobased materials for industrial and biomedical applications.
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