Genomic properties of variably methylated retrotransposons in mouse.

Genomic properties of variably methylated retrotransposons in mouse.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13100-021-00235-1
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发表时间:
2021-02-21
期刊:
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Ferguson-Smith AC
Ferguson-Smith AC
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elmer JL;Hay AD;Kessler NJ;Bertozzi TM;Ainscough EAC;Ferguson-Smith AC

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转座元件 (TE) 富含胞嘧啶甲基化,阻止其在基因组内的移动。我们之前在小鼠中鉴定了候选脑池内 A 颗粒 (IAP) TE 的全基因组库,这些甲基化 (VM-IAP) 表现出个体间变异,并对基因组功能产生影响。在这里,我们验证了这些亚稳态表观等位基因,并发现除了在所有组织中具有均匀甲基化的表观等位基因(组成型或 cVM-IAP)之外,还发现了一种表现出组织特异性的新型表观等位基因(tsVM-IAP);两种类型都有可能以顺式方式调节基因。对其他 TE 可变甲基化的筛选表明,这种现象很大程度上仅限于 IAP,IAP 是最年轻、最活跃的内源逆转录病毒之一。我们鉴定了 cVM-IAP 中富集的序列,但确定这些序列不足以赋予表观遗传变异性。 CTCF 在 VM-IAP 处富集,其结合与 DNA 甲基化呈负相关。我们发现了低甲基化范围的 cVM-IAP 与其他基因组位点之间的动态物理相互作用,表明 VM-IAP 具有远程调节的潜力。我们的研究结果表明,年轻 TE 的基因序列、CTCF 结合和 DNA 甲基化之间最近进化的相互作用可能导致转录结果的个体间变异,从而影响表型变异。在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s13100-021-00235-1 获取的补充材料。
Transposable elements (TEs) are enriched in cytosine methylation, preventing their mobility within the genome. We previously identified a genome-wide repertoire of candidate intracisternal A particle (IAP) TEs in mice that exhibit inter-individual variability in this methylation (VM-IAPs) with implications for genome function. Here we validate these metastable epialleles and discover a novel class that exhibit tissue specificity (tsVM-IAPs) in addition to those with uniform methylation in all tissues (constitutive- or cVM-IAPs); both types have the potential to regulate genes in cis. Screening for variable methylation at other TEs shows that this phenomenon is largely limited to IAPs, which are amongst the youngest and most active endogenous retroviruses. We identify sequences enriched within cVM-IAPs, but determine that these are not sufficient to confer epigenetic variability. CTCF is enriched at VM-IAPs with binding inversely correlated with DNA methylation. We uncover dynamic physical interactions between cVM-IAPs with low methylation ranges and other genomic loci, suggesting that VM-IAPs have the potential for long-range regulation. Our findings indicate that a recently evolved interplay between genetic sequence, CTCF binding, and DNA methylation at young TEs can result in inter-individual variability in transcriptional outcomes with implications for phenotypic variation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13100-021-00235-1.
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