Formation of the Vertebrate Face Epigenetic and Functional Influences
Formation of the Vertebrate Face Epigenetic and Functional Influences
复制标题
脊椎动物面部表观遗传和功能影响的形成
DOI:
--
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发表时间:
1993
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Herring
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Herring
Broadly speaking, “epigenetics” refers to the entire series of interactions among cells and cell products which leads to morphogenesis and differentiation. Thus all cranial development is epigenetic, by definition. Among the numerous epigenetic factors influencing the vertebrate face is mechanical loading Loading seems to be particularly significant for formation and growth of skeletal tissues. As a first approximation, bone grows in the direction of tensile loading, while the shapes of growing cartilages are modulated by axial compression. One of the many sources of loading is function (defined, before birth or hatching, as muscle-controlled movements). For example, muscle activity is a source of tension for bones of attachment, and differences in muscle anatomy may thus be responsible for differences in bony anatomy. A possible instance involves a new addition to the masseter muscle in pigs and an associated unusual process of the zygomatic bone. Changes in the mammalian mandibular condyle in paralyzed fetuses provide a dramatic illustration of how function regulates cartilage growth. Such ontogenetic processes may account for species-specific variations in mandibular shape that are conventionally regarded as the direct adaptive results of natural selection. In general, mechamcal loading is a relatively late-acting epigenetic factor and affects primarily quantitative features of facial structure However, loading appears to be involved in at least one more fundamental ontogenetic event, the transformation of the primary jaw joint into the mammalian middle ear.
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DOI:
10.1002/jez.1402500107
发表时间:
1989
期刊:
The Journal of experimental zoology
影响因子:
--
作者:
Smith,JL;Schoenwolf,GC
通讯作者:
Schoenwolf,GC
影响因子:
2.7
作者:
Noden,DM
通讯作者:
Noden,DM
DOI:
10.1002/tera.1420230202
发表时间:
1981
期刊:
Teratology
影响因子:
--
作者:
Herring,SW;Rowlatt,UF
通讯作者:
Rowlatt,UF
DOI:
10.1242/dev.110.1.115
发表时间:
1990
期刊:
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子:
--
作者:
Adams,DS;Keller,R;Koehl,MA
通讯作者:
Koehl,MA