Origin and Properties of Hydrothermal Tremor at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Origin and Properties of Hydrothermal Tremor at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA
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美国黄石国家公园孤星间歇泉热液震颤的起源和特性

DOI:
10.1029/2020jb019711
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dawson, Phillip B.
Dawson, Phillip B.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nayak, Avinash;Manga, Michael;Hurwitz, Shaul;Namiki, Atsuko;Dawson, Phillip B.

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间歇泉是一种罕见的地质特征,它在加热和减压沸腾的驱动下间歇性地排放液态水和蒸汽。火山喷发方式变化的原因以及与之相关的地震信号还没有被很好地理解。从黄石国家公园孤星间歇泉的五台宽带地震仪收集的数据被用来确定热液震动的性质、位置和时间模式。地震在喷发周期的某些阶段是调和的,是由离散地震事件的近周期重复引起的。利用地面运动的极化,我们确定了几个喷发周期中震源的位置。在预演期间(在更猛烈的大喷发之前的较小喷发),地震发生在7-10米深的地方,并与间歇泉的锥体横向偏移约5米。在主喷发开始时,震动源横向迁移并变得更浅。随着喷发的进行,震动源沿着相同的路径迁移,但方向相反,在震前震源结束的地方结束。震源在喷发期间的向上和向下迁移与主喷发期间管道变暖和水的排出是一致的。我们确定了两种类型的前戏之间的系统关系,释放和主要喷发。用半空间速度模型拟合单个地震事件低频波形的点源矩张量平均为VS0.8公里/S,震源深度约4-20米,力矩张量主要为正各向同性和补偿线性矢量偶极矩。
Geysers are rare geologic features that intermittently discharge liquid water and steam driven by heating and decompression boiling. The cause of variability in eruptive styles and the associated seismic signals are not well understood. Data collected from five broadband seismometers at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park are used to determine the properties, location, and temporal patterns of hydrothermal tremor. The tremor is harmonic at some stages of the eruption cycle and is caused by near‐periodic repetition of discrete seismic events. Using the polarization of ground motion, we identify the location of tremor sources throughout several eruption cycles. During preplay episodes (smaller eruptions preceding the more vigorous major eruption), tremor occurs at depths of 7–10 m and is laterally offset from the geyser's cone by ~5 m. At the onset of the main eruption, tremor sources migrate laterally and become shallower. As the eruption progresses, tremor sources migrate along the same path but in the opposite direction, ending where preplay tremor originates. The upward and then downward migration of tremor sources during eruptions are consistent with warming of the conduit followed by evacuation of water during the main eruption. We identify systematic relations among the two types of preplays, discharge, and the main eruption. A point‐source moment tensor fit to low‐frequency waveforms of an individual tremor event using half‐space velocity models indicates averageVS0.8 km/s, source depths ~4–20 m, and moment tensors with primarily positive isotropic and compensated linear vector dipole moments.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.047
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