Nicotinamide Coenzyme Synthesis: A Case of Ribonucleotide Emergence or a Byproduct of the RNA World?

Nicotinamide Coenzyme Synthesis: A Case of Ribonucleotide Emergence or a Byproduct of the RNA World?
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烟酰胺辅酶合成:核糖核苷酸的出现还是 RNA 世界的副产品?

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-21625-1_9
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
N. Raffaelli
N. Raffaelli
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
N. Raffaelli

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辅酶可能代表了细胞内最古老的代谢化石,正如它们在所有生命王国中的存在和重要性以及它们生物合成途径的自催化性质所表明的那样。在大多数辅酶的结构中存在核糖核苷酸基,并将其用作与蛋白质催化剂结合的“把手”,这意味着在辅酶出现的时候,核糖核苷酸一定已经存在。一个悬而未决的问题仍然是,核糖核苷酸基是否是在蛋白质出现之前从原始“RNA世界”中预先存在的RNA中挑选出来的,或者它代表了当代核酸的进化前身。烟酰胺辅酶NAD(P)是最古老的分子之一,不仅在生物化学史上,而且在生命出现的进化步骤中。与相对简单的有机物,如PRPP(5′-磷酸核糖基1′-焦磷酸),PLP(吡哆醛5′-磷酸)和许多其他的,它可能是一个重要的益生菌剂在组织集体自催化蛋白质代谢生态系统。在此,从NAD(P)的生物合成途径的起源方面进行说明。本文还讨论了NAD(P)独特的生物化学特征,旨在为生命起源中化学进化顺序的争论提供新的论据。
Coenzymes likely represent the oldest metabolic fossils within a cell, as suggested by their presence and essentiality in all kingdoms of life and the autocatalytic nature of their biosynthetic pathways. The presence of a ribonucleotidyl group in the structure of most coenzymes that use it as a “handle” for binding to the protein catalyst means that ribonucleotides must have been present at the time coenzymes emerged. An open question remains whether the ribonucleotidyl group has been co-opted from a preexisting RNA in a primordial “RNA world” before the emergence of proteins, or it represents the evolutionary predecessor of contemporary nucleic acids. The nicotinamide coenzyme NAD (P) is one of the oldest molecules, not only in the history of biochemistry, but also in the evolutionary steps towards the emergence of life. Together with relatively simple organics, such as PRPP (5′-phosphoribosyl 1′-pyrophosphate), PLP (pyridoxal 5′-phosphate) and many others, it may have been a crucial prebiotic agent in organizing a collectively autocatalytic protometabolic ecosystem. Here, the NAD(P) biosynthetic pathway will be described with views on its origin. NAD(P)’s peculiar biochemical features will also be discussed with the aim to offer novel arguments to the debate on the sequence of chemical evolution in the origin of life.
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