Bayesian inferences about the self (and others): a review.
Bayesian inferences about the self (and others): a review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.009
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Friston KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moutoussis M;Fearon P;El-Deredy W;Dolan RJ;Friston KJ
人们可以使用贝叶斯推理来更新自己的自我表征。自我和他人表征可能有助于预测社会交往的结果。一个结果的价值本质上是它能够实现的先验信念。“主动推理”使用自由能最小化来实现期望的结果。积极的自我表征可能是积极推理的理想结果。将大脑视为近似贝叶斯推理的器官可以帮助我们理解它如何代表自我。我们认为，自我的推断表征具有规范功能：预测和优化社会交往的可能结果。从技术上讲，我们将这种预测和优化视为通过积极推理最大化有利结果的机会。在这里，结果的效用可以被概念化为关于最终状态的先验信念。因此，基于人际表征的行动可以被理解为最小化惊讶--在事先相信一个人最终会处于高效用状态的情况下。因此，人际表征使互动更可预测，而人际推理的情感效价使自我感知具有评价性。自我表征的扭曲会导致严重的精神疾病，如抑郁症、人格障碍和偏执狂。因此，我们审查的方法可以操作化的研究在病理状态下的人际表征。
People may use Bayesian inference to update their own self-representation. Self- and other-representations may help predict outcomes of social interactions. The value of an outcome is essentially the prior belief that it can be achieved. ‘Active inference’ uses free-energy-minimization to achieve desirable outcomes. A positive self-representation may be a desirable outcome of active inference. Viewing the brain as an organ of approximate Bayesian inference can help us understand how it represents the self. We suggest that inferred representations of the self have a normative function: to predict and optimise the likely outcomes of social interactions. Technically, we cast this predict-and-optimise as maximising the chance of favourable outcomes through active inference. Here the utility of outcomes can be conceptualised as prior beliefs about final states. Actions based on interpersonal representations can therefore be understood as minimising surprise – under the prior belief that one will end up in states with high utility. Interpersonal representations thus serve to render interactions more predictable, while the affective valence of interpersonal inference renders self-perception evaluative. Distortions of self-representation contribute to major psychiatric disorders such as depression, personality disorder and paranoia. The approach we review may therefore operationalise the study of interpersonal representations in pathological states.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Eisenberger NI
通讯作者：
Eisenberger NI
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bentall, Richard P.;Rowse, Georgina;Corcoran, Rhiannon
通讯作者：
Corcoran, Rhiannon
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Watson, A.;El-Deredy, W.;Jones, A. K. P.
通讯作者：
Jones, A. K. P.
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Friston, Karl J.;Stephan, Klaas E.
通讯作者：
Stephan, Klaas E.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Skodol, Andrew E.;Clark, Lee Anna;Oldham, John M.
通讯作者：
Oldham, John M.