The mechanism for processing random-dot motion at various speeds in early visual cortices.

The mechanism for processing random-dot motion at various speeds in early visual cortices.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0093115
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Wang W
Wang W
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
An X;Gong H;McLoughlin N;Yang Y;Wang W

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所有移动的物体都会产生连续的视网膜激活,表示空间和时间中的一系列离散位置(运动轨迹)。哺乳动物早期视皮层的方向选择神经元如何处理运动轨迹仍有待阐明。采用单细胞记录和光学成像技术沿着数学模拟,研究了猫视区17和18对以不同速度运动的随机点的反应特性。我们发现,在低速下的运动轨迹主要被编码为一个方向信号的神经元组喜欢的运动方向。在某些过渡速度之上,运动轨迹被感知为表示移动点的运动轴的空间取向。在研究的两个区域中,在这些速度之上,其他具有垂直方向偏好的方向选择神经元组被激活,将运动轨迹编码为运动轴信息。这适用于简单和复杂的神经元。编码运动方向和轴之间切换的平均过渡速度在区域18中为约31°/s,在区域17中为约15°/s。时空能量模型准确地预测了这两个区域的过渡速度,但不能预测区域18中随机点刺激的方向选择性指数。此外,在过渡速度以上,光学成像记录的群体反应的方向偏好的变化可以用向量最大值法而不是向量求和法来揭示。总之,这种由具有与速度相关联的正交方向偏好的神经元对运动方向和轴的组合处理可以用作早期视觉运动处理的共同原理。
All moving objects generate sequential retinotopic activations representing a series of discrete locations in space and time (motion trajectory). How direction-selective neurons in mammalian early visual cortices process motion trajectory remains to be clarified. Using single-cell recording and optical imaging of intrinsic signals along with mathematical simulation, we studied response properties of cat visual areas 17 and 18 to random dots moving at various speeds. We found that, the motion trajectory at low speed was encoded primarily as a direction signal by groups of neurons preferring that motion direction. Above certain transition speeds, the motion trajectory is perceived as a spatial orientation representing the motion axis of the moving dots. In both areas studied, above these speeds, other groups of direction-selective neurons with perpendicular direction preferences were activated to encode the motion trajectory as motion-axis information. This applied to both simple and complex neurons. The average transition speed for switching between encoding motion direction and axis was about 31°/s in area 18 and 15°/s in area 17. A spatio-temporal energy model predicted the transition speeds accurately in both areas, but not the direction-selective indexes to random-dot stimuli in area 18. In addition, above transition speeds, the change of direction preferences of population responses recorded by optical imaging can be revealed using vector maximum but not vector summation method. Together, this combined processing of motion direction and axis by neurons with orthogonal direction preferences associated with speed may serve as a common principle of early visual motion processing.
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