Finding building water quality challenges in a 7 year old green school: implications for building design, sampling, and remediation
Finding building water quality challenges in a 7 year old green school: implications for building design, sampling, and remediation
复制标题
发现一所拥有 7 年历史的绿色学校的建筑水质挑战：对建筑设计、采样和修复的影响
DOI：
10.1039/d0ew00520g
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
A. Whelton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kyungyeon Ra;Tolulope Odimayomi;Christian Ley;T. Aw;J. Rose;A. Whelton
在一所被认证为绿色建筑的学校进行了水安全调查。该研究在低用水（夏季休息）至正常用水（休息后）期间进行。铜管道建筑物包含节水装置，水软化器和四个热水再循环区，并从公共供水系统接收氯化水。在19个建筑物内位置（以及额外的19个金属分析位置）进行了六次采样活动（2018年6月至2018年10月）。在建筑物入口处，65%的样本（n = 74/114）没有可检测到的消毒剂残留，异养菌平板计数范围为11至400 CFU/100 mL，没有发现铜作用水平（AL）的差异; AL是一个基于健康的阈值。在建筑物内，近70%的第一次抽取的冷样品在夏季超过AL，而37%的样品超过AL后恢复上课。建筑物中的总铜浓度与建筑物入口点的距离有关。软化器是用于细菌生长的培养箱，并且在整个管道中检测到硝化作用（对于热，n = 29/29，对于冷，n = 17/22）。该州推荐的降低铜浓度的现场冲洗补救策略无效。建议在新学校投入使用之前以及在新建筑物和现有建筑物的使用寿命期间进行水化学和微生物测试。建筑水系统设计标准缺乏对水源水质、管道运行和材料-水兼容性的明确考虑。学校水管的设计和操作方式对居住者的健康构成了风险。
Water safety was investigated at a school certified as a green building. The study was conducted during low water use (summer break) to normal water use (after break) periods. The copper plumbed building contained water saving devices, a water softener and four hot water recirculation zones, and received chloraminated water from a public water system. Six sampling events at 19 in-building locations (and extra 19 locations for metal analysis) were conducted (June 2018 to October 2018). At the building entry point, 65% of the samples (n = 74/114) had no detectable disinfectant residue, heterotrophic plate count ranged from 11 to 400 CFU/100 mL, and no copper action level (AL) exceedances were found; the AL is a health-based threshold. Inside the building, almost 70% of first draw cold samples exceeded the AL during summer, while 37% of samples exceeded the AL after classes resumed. Total copper concentration in the building was related to the distance from the building entry point. The softener was an incubator for bacterial growth and nitrification was detected throughout the plumbing (n = 29/29 for hot, n = 17/22 for cold). The state's recommended spot flushing remediation strategy for reducing copper concentration was ineffective. Water chemical and microbiological testing is recommended before new schools are placed into service and during the life of new and existing buildings. Building water system design standards lack explicit consideration of source water quality, plumbing operation, and material-water compatibility. School plumbing was designed and operated in a way that presented a risk to the health of its occupants.
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.164
发表时间：
2017-07-15
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rosen MB;Pokhrel LR;Weir MH
通讯作者：
Weir MH