A discussion about public health, lead and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water supplies in the United States.
A discussion about public health, lead and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water supplies in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.164
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发表时间：
2017-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weir MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosen MB;Pokhrel LR;Weir MH
自弗林特水危机开始以来，公共饮用水供应中的铅（Pb）引起了广泛关注。铅在多种环境基质中是一种已知的危害，接触铅会对人类健康造成长期有害影响。本讨论文件的目的是提供一个简洁的帐户环境铅暴露的重点是水铅水平（wls）在美国。据了解，wls与血铅水平（BLLs）及其相关的健康影响之间存在很强的相关性。然而，在弗林特水危机中，发生的不仅仅是水化学和铅暴露。一连串的监管和官僚失误在弗林特水危机中达到顶峰。本文将在概述铅暴露对公众健康的影响以及我们在自来水中铅监测和减轻方面的局限性之后，讨论相关的法规和应对措施，包括它们的局限性。本文讨论了水化学与嗜肺军团菌爆发之间的潜在联系，探讨了水化学与嗜肺军团菌爆发之间的关系。当我们批判性地分析水研究的这些重要方面时，我们提供了从新的和系统的角度激发未来铅研究的讨论，以告知和指导公共卫生决策。
Lead (Pb) in public drinking water supplies has garnered much attention since the outset of the Flint water crisis. Pb is a known hazard in multiple environmental matrices, exposure from which results in long-term deleterious health effects in humans. This discussion paper aims to provide a succinct account of environmental Pb exposures with a focus on water Pb levels (WLLs) in the United States. It is understood that there is a strong correlation between WLLs and blood Pb levels (BLLs) and associated health effects. However, within the Flint water crisis, more than water chemistry and Pb exposure occurred. A cascade of regulatory and bureaucratic failures culminated in the Flint water crisis. This paper will discuss pertinent regulations and responses including their limitations after an overview of the public health effects from Pb exposure as well as discussion on our limitations on monitoring and mitigating Pb in tap water. Increased Legionnares’ disease cases following Flint water change and factors influencing Legionella pneumophila growth are discussed to highlight potential association between water chemistry and L. pneumophila outbreak. As we critically analyze these important aspects of water research, we offer discussions to stimulate future Pb research from a new and systemic perspective to inform and guide public health decision-making.
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