Focusing on different informant characteristics by situation: The dimensions of benevolence and competence in children's trust judgment
Focusing on different informant characteristics by situation: The dimensions of benevolence and competence in children's trust judgment
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分情境关注不同知情人特征：儿童信任判断的仁慈与能力维度
作者：
Miyoshi;M.;& Sanefuji;W.
儿童使用线人的特点，如能力或仁慈，在信任的判断。以前的研究已经研究了儿童在信任判断中优先考虑的特征，但结果相互矛盾。由于人们在日常生活中根据情况需要拥有和利用每一个特征，儿童可能会根据具体情况调整他们选择依赖的特征，而不是总是优先考虑任何一个特征。因此，本研究探讨了儿童在不同情境中的信任判断，无论是需要能力还是需要仁慈。此外，本研究还考察了儿童对能力和仁慈的偏好对信任判断的影响。结果表明，儿童更有可能选择一个有能力，而不是一个仁慈的人在需要能力的情况下，反之亦然，在需要仁慈的情况下。孩子们更喜欢仁慈的人，而不是有能力的人;这种偏好似乎并不影响他们在各种情况下选择告密者。总而言之，儿童可能会根据具体情况关注告密者的不同特征。他们对仁慈的偏好可能与对亲社会性的偏好有关。反过来，这可能与幼儿时期对仁慈的敏感性增强有关。
Children use informant characteristics, such as competence or benevolence, in trust judgment. Previous studies have examined the characteristics that children prioritize in trust judgment, but findings have been conflicting. Since people possess and tap into each characteristic in their daily lives as the situation demands, children may adjust the characteristics that they choose to rely on depending on the specific situation rather than always prioritizing either of the characteristics. Thus, the present study investigated children's trust judgment in different situations requiring either competence or benevolence. Additionally, children's preference for competence or benevolence was examined to explore its effect on trust judgment. Results showed that children were more likely to select a competent rather than a benevolent person in situations requiring competence and vice versa in situations requiring benevolence. Children preferred the benevolent person rather than the competent person; such preference did not appear to affect their selection of informants across various situations. In summary, children might focus on the different characteristics of the informant in accordance with the situation. Their preference for benevolence might relate to a preference for prosociality. This, in turn, could relate to enhanced sensitivity to benevolence in early childhood.
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