A single pair of interneurons commands the Drosophila feeding motor program.
A single pair of interneurons commands the Drosophila feeding motor program.
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许多进食行为代表了刻板的、有组织的运动模式序列，这些运动模式一直是神经行为学研究的主题，例如蟾蜍中控制猎物捕获的神经元的电生理学特征。然而，由于技术上的限制，无法像在脊椎动物生物体上的其他研究那样详细研究这些神经元的功能作用。研究整个动物行为的复杂性可以在果蝇中得到解决，通过遗传手段远程激活脑细胞，可以询问自由移动动物的神经系统，以确定控制特定行为的神经元，然后重复靶向和操纵这些神经元以表征其功能。在这里，我们展示了在果蝇中产生进食运动程序的神经元的发现。我们使用远程神经元激活进行了无偏筛选，并确定了一对关键的脑细胞，它们在激活时诱导整个进食序列。这些Fdg（摄食）神经元也是正常摄食所必需的，因为它们的抑制或消融消除了糖诱导的摄食行为。激活单个Fdg-神经元诱导的不对称进食行为和消融单个Fdg-神经元将糖诱导的进食行为扭曲为不对称，表明这些神经元在塑造运动程序执行中的直接作用。同时记录神经元的活动与钙成像过程中的进食行为进一步表明，Fdg-神经元响应食物的介绍，但只有在饥饿的苍蝇。我们的研究结果表明，Fdg神经元坚定地在感觉运动分水岭，下游的感觉和代谢线索，并在顶部的喂养电机层次结构执行的决定，饲料。
Many feeding behaviors represent stereotyped, organized sequences of motor patterns that have been the subject of neuroethological studies such as electrophysiological characterization of neurons governing prey capture in toads. Technical limitations, however, have prevented detailed study of the functional role of these neurons as in other studies on vertebrate organisms. Complexities involved in studies of whole animal behavior can be resolved in Drosophila, where remote activation of brain cells by genetic means allows one to interrogate the nervous system in freely moving animals to identify neurons that govern a specific behavior, and then to repeatedly target and manipulate these neurons to characterize their function. Here we show finding of neurons that generate the feeding motor program in Drosophila. We performed an unbiased screen using remote neuronal activation and identified a critical pair of brain cells that induces the entire feeding sequence when activated. These Fdg (feeding)-neurons are also essential for normal feeding as their suppression or ablation eliminates the sugar-induced feeding behavior. Activation of a single Fdg-neuron induced asymmetric feeding behavior and ablation of a single Fdg-neuron distorted the sugar-induced feeding behavior to be asymmetric, indicating the direct role of these neurons in shaping motor program execution. Simultaneously recording neuronal activity with calcium imaging during feeding behavior further revealed that the Fdg-neurons respond to food presentation, but only in starved flies. Our results demonstrate that Fdg-neurons operate firmly within the sensori-motor watershed, downstream of sensory and metabolic cues and at the top of the feeding motor hierarchy to execute the decision to feed.
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