An exotic species is the favorite prey of a native enemy.
An exotic species is the favorite prey of a native enemy.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0024299
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Liu X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Y;Ke Z;Wang S;Smith GR;Liu X
虽然外来物种的新范围内的本地敌人被认为会影响其入侵能力，但很少有研究评估外来物种在其新范围内的本地敌人的捕食压力。外来猎物天真假说（EPNH）指出，外来物种可能处于不利地位，因为它对本地敌人的天真，因此，可能会遭受更高的捕食压力，从敌人比本地猎物物种。这一假设的推论包括本地敌人喜欢外来物种而不是本地物种，以及敌人的饮食受到外来物种丰富度的影响。我们全面测试了这一假设引入北美牛蛙（Lithobates catesbeianus，简称牛蛙），本地红带蛇（Dinodon rufozonatum，敌人）和四个本地无尾类物种在永久静止水体作为模式系统在岱山，中国。在实验室条件下研究了蛇与无尾目动物（牛蛙和3种常见的本地种）之间的相互识别，蛇对牛蛙和3种无尾目动物的食物偏好，以及野生条件下的食物偏好和牛蛙密度。牛蛙对蛇很天真，但当地的无尾类动物却不是。然而，蛇可以识别牛蛙作为猎物，事实上，更喜欢牛蛙超过本地无尾类动物在操纵实验中，有和没有控制的身体大小和在野外，表明牛蛙受到更高的捕食压力，从蛇比本地物种。牛蛙在蛇类食物中的比例与野生牛蛙的数量呈正相关。我们的研究结果为EPNH提供了强有力的证据。这些结果突出了本地天敌对天真的外来物种的生物抗性。
Although native enemies in an exotic species' new range are considered to affect its ability to invade, few studies have evaluated predation pressures from native enemies on exotic species in their new range. The exotic prey naiveté hypothesis (EPNH) states that exotic species may be at a disadvantage because of its naïveté towards native enemies and, therefore, may suffer higher predation pressures from the enemy than native prey species. Corollaries of this hypothesis include the native enemy preferring exotic species over native species and the diet of the enemy being influenced by the abundance of the exotic species. We comprehensively tested this hypothesis using introduced North American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus, referred to as bullfrog), a native red-banded snake (Dinodon rufozonatum, the enemy) and four native anuran species in permanent still water bodies as a model system in Daishan, China. We investigated reciprocal recognition between snakes and anuran species (bullfrogs and three common native species) and the diet preference of the snakes for bullfrogs and the three species in laboratory experiments, and the diet preference and bullfrog density in the wild. Bullfrogs are naive to the snakes, but the native anurans are not. However, the snakes can identify bullfrogs as prey, and in fact, prefer bullfrogs over the native anurans in manipulative experiments with and without a control for body size and in the wild, indicating that bullfrogs are subjected to higher predation pressures from the snakes than the native species. The proportion of bullfrogs in the snakes' diet is positively correlated with the abundance of bullfrogs in the wild. Our results provide strong evidence for the EPNH. The results highlight the biological resistance of native enemies to naïve exotic species.
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