New problems, old solutions? Explaining variations in British and Spanish anti-terrorism policy
New problems, old solutions? Explaining variations in British and Spanish anti-terrorism policy
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新问题，旧解决方案？
DOI：
10.1057/cep.2011.29
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Lister M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lister M
本文旨在探讨西班牙和英国对最近恐怖主义暴力的不同反应。虽然这两个国家都经历了基地组织在其领土上发动的袭击，但立法反应却大不相同，西班牙几乎没有颁布任何立法修改，而联合王国自2001年以来已经通过了四项新的反恐立法。文章认为，要解释这种差异，两国反恐立法的历史根源和演变应与更狭隘的制度因素一起考虑。在西班牙，佛朗哥时期引入了非常严格的永久性法律，此后进行了改革和倒退，以适应民主时代。这种看法认为，恐怖主义是在现有的法律的框架内处理的，再加上对安全部门的怀疑态度挥之不去，法律的制度表明，增加反恐权力在政治上不太可行（或在法律上不太必要）。与此相反，联合王国由于倾向于通过临时法律来对付恐怖主义，造成了议会习惯于就恐怖主义事项立法的局面。这些政策范式，沿着对公民自由的不同依恋，有助于理解这些国家对看似共同的压力的不同反应。
This article seeks to examine the differing responses of Spain and the United Kingdom to recent terrorist violence. While both experienced an al-Qaeda inspired attack on their soil, the legislative response has been very different, with Spain enacting virtually no legislative changes, whereas the United Kingdom has passed four pieces of new anti-terrorism legislation since 2001. The article argues that to account for this variance, the historical roots and evolution of anti-terrorism legislation in both countries should be considered alongside more narrow institutional factors. In Spain very stringent permanent law was introduced under Franco, and has since been reformed and rolled back to accommodate the democratic era. This sees terrorism dealt with within the existing legal framework and combined with a lingering scepticism of security services and the legal system suggests that increasing anti-terrorism powers are less politically viable (or legally necessary). In contrast, the United Kingdom, owing to its penchant for temporary law to deal with terrorism, has produced a situation where Parliament has become habituated to legislating on terrorism matters. These policy paradigms, along with differing attachments to civil liberties, help to understand the different responses by these countries to a seemingly common pressure.
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