Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines.
Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines.
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DOI：
10.3390/pharmaceutics13010045
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发表时间：
2020-12-30
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Alfagih MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alfagih IM;Aldosari B;AlQuadeib B;Almurshedi A;Alfagih MM
在过去二十年中，基于信使 RNA (mRNA) 的疫苗已显示出对抗传染病和多种癌症的希望。它们的前景可归因于其安全性、高效性以及快速且经济地制造的能力。现在，许多基于 RNA 的疫苗正在临床试验中作为预防性和治疗性疫苗进行评估。然而，直到最近，它们的发展仍因其不稳定和体内转染效率低而受到限制。纳米递送系统在基于RNA的疫苗接种中发挥双重功能，既充当载体系统又充当佐剂。这是因为它在结构和尺寸上与微生物相似；纳米递送系统可以通过模拟自然感染过程来增强免疫系统的反应。纳米递送系统允许非侵入性粘膜给药、靶向免疫细胞递送和受控递送，从而减少多次给药的需要。它们还允许与免疫刺激剂共同封装，以提高整体佐剂能力。本综述的目的是讨论可生物降解的纳米递送系统的最新发展和应用，这些系统可改善基于 RNA 的疫苗递送并增强针对目标疾病的免疫反应。
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown promise against infectious diseases and several types of cancer in the last two decades. Their promise can be attributed to their safety profiles, high potency, and ability to be rapidly and affordably manufactured. Now, many RNA-based vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. However, until recently, their development has been limited by their instability and inefficient in vivo transfection. The nanodelivery system plays a dual function in RNA-based vaccination by acting as a carrier system and as an adjuvant. That is due to its similarity to microorganisms structurally and size-wise; the nanodelivery system can augment the response by the immune system via simulating the natural infection process. Nanodelivery systems allow non-invasive mucosal administration, targeted immune cell delivery, and controlled delivery, reducing the need for multiple administrations. They also allow co-encapsulating with immunostimulators to improve the overall adjuvant capacity. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent developments and applications of biodegradable nanodelivery systems that improve RNA-based vaccine delivery and enhance the immunological response against targeted diseases.
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