Polyploidy: its consequences and enabling role in plant diversification and evolution.
Polyploidy: its consequences and enabling role in plant diversification and evolution.
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcac132
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发表时间：
2023-02-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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大多数（如果不是全部）绿色植物（Virdiplantae）物种（包括被子植物和蕨类植物）本身就是多倍体，或者在其基因组中具有古老的多倍体或全基因组复制特征。多倍体不仅限于小麦、玉米、马铃薯、芸苔等主要农作物物种，而且在野生物种和自然生境中也经常发生。因此，多倍性被视为进化的主要驱动力，其对基因组和染色体进化的影响一直是许多研究的中心。正在开发新结构基因组的机制模型，其中包括序列进化或周转（低拷贝基因和调控序列以及重复DNA）、基因功能的修改、重新建立对多拷贝基因的控制，以及通常的减数分裂染色体配对、重组和恢复生育力。世界范围内对绿色植物在不同条件下如何进化的兴趣--无论是在小型、孤立的种群中，还是在全球范围内--表明非常需要进一步了解多倍性对植物物种形成和适应环境变化的贡献。基于细胞遗传学、表达研究和基因组学或基因组测序分析的前瞻性研究和建模，在《植物学年鉴》特刊中讨论，考虑新的多倍体如何表现以及基因组进化的途径。他们解决了关于多倍体的优点和缺点的基本问题，进化和物种形成的后果，以及关于多倍体在环境中传播的应用问题，以及通过多倍体的渐渗或再合成来育种和开发野生亲属的挑战。染色体数目、基因组大小、重复DNA序列、基因和调控序列及其表达随多倍体进化-产生多样性和可能的新性状并使物种多样化。在不断变化的气候和新的压力下，自然、管理和干扰环境中有可能产生更多的多倍体。
Most, if not all, green plant (Virdiplantae) species including angiosperms and ferns are polyploids themselves or have ancient polyploid or whole genome duplication signatures in their genomes. Polyploids are not only restricted to our major crop species such as wheat, maize, potato and the brassicas, but also occur frequently in wild species and natural habitats. Polyploidy has thus been viewed as a major driver in evolution, and its influence on genome and chromosome evolution has been at the centre of many investigations. Mechanistic models of the newly structured genomes are being developed that incorporate aspects of sequence evolution or turnover (low-copy genes and regulatory sequences, as well as repetitive DNAs), modification of gene functions, the re-establishment of control of genes with multiple copies, and often meiotic chromosome pairing, recombination and restoration of fertility. World-wide interest in how green plants have evolved under different conditions – whether in small, isolated populations, or globally – suggests that gaining further insight into the contribution of polyploidy to plant speciation and adaptation to environmental changes is greatly needed. Forward-looking research and modelling, based on cytogenetics, expression studies, and genomics or genome sequencing analyses, discussed in this Special Issue of the Annals of Botany, consider how new polyploids behave and the pathways available for genome evolution. They address fundamental questions about the advantages and disadvantages of polyploidy, the consequences for evolution and speciation, and applied questions regarding the spread of polyploids in the environment and challenges in breeding and exploitation of wild relatives through introgression or resynthesis of polyploids. Chromosome number, genome size, repetitive DNA sequences, genes and regulatory sequences and their expression evolve following polyploidy – generating diversity and possible novel traits and enabling species diversification. There is the potential for ever more polyploids in natural, managed and disturbed environments under changing climates and new stresses.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Elliott, Tammy L.;Muasya, Muthama;Bures, Petr
通讯作者：
Bures, Petr
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2214070119
发表时间：
2022-11-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
David, Kyle T
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影响因子：
18
作者：
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通讯作者：
Kuhlemeier, Cris
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M.;Sousa, Aretuza;Leitch, Ilia J.
通讯作者：
Leitch, Ilia J.
影响因子：
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作者：
通讯作者：
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