Labour productivity and human capital in the European maritime sector of the eighteenth century

Labour productivity and human capital in the European maritime sector of the eighteenth century
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十八世纪欧洲海事部门的劳动生产率和人力资本

DOI:
10.1016/j.eeh.2014.04.001
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Van Lottum J
Van Lottum J
中科院分区:
人文科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Van Lottum J

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前现代的增长在很大程度上依赖于以廉价运输为基础的商业化和专业化进程。对工业革命前经济增长过程的开创性解释指出了大西洋经济的崛起以及与之相关的城市发展的战略重要性,但并没有真正解释为什么欧洲人在组织大型国际航运和贸易网络方面如此高效。大多数有关早期现代航运的研究都集中在船舶设计(资本投资)的变化上,以解释 1800 年之前欧洲航运的长期绩效;在本文中,我们认为这只是解释的一部分。人力资本——船上劳动力的素质——也很重要。我们首先证明欧洲船舶上的人力资本水平相对较高,其次证明航运业劳动生产率水平与劳动力素质之间存在密切联系。这有力地表明,航运业是一个“高科技”行业,不仅使用高质量的资本货物,而且作为补充投入,还需要高质量的劳动力来操作日益复杂的船舶及其设备。
Pre-modern growth was to a large extent dependent on processes of commercialization and specialization, based on cheap transport. Seminal interpretations of the process of economic growth before the Industrial Revolution have pointed to the strategic importance of the rise of the Atlantic economy and the growth of cities linked to this, but have not really explained why Europeans were so efficient in organizing large international networks of shipping and trade. Most studies concerning early modern shipping have focused on changes in ship design (capital investments) in explaining long-term performance of European shipping in the pre-1800 period; in this paper we argue that this is only part of the explanation. Human capital – the quality of the labour force employed on ships – mattered as well. We firstly demonstrate that levels of human capital on board European ships were relatively high, and secondly that there were powerful links between the level of labour productivity in shipping and the quality of the workforce. This suggests strongly that shipping was a ‘high tech’ industry not only employing high quality capital goods, but also, as a complementary input, high quality labour, which was required to operate the increasingly complex ships and their equipment.
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