Precise determination of Ar, Kr and Xe isotopic fractionation due to diffusion and dissolution in fresh water

Precise determination of Ar, Kr and Xe isotopic fractionation due to diffusion and dissolution in fresh water
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精确测定淡水中由于扩散和溶解而引起的 Ar、Kr 和 Xe 同位素分馏

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.008
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.
Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seltzer, Alan M.;Ng, Jessica;Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.

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溶解惰性气体由于其化学和生物惰性,是地球系统物理过程的理想保守示踪剂。虽然溶解的Ar、Kr和Ar的总浓度通常被用来限制大气、海洋和陆地水圈过程的物理模型,但由于信噪比低,这些气体的稳定同位素比(如136 Ar/129 Ar)很少被使用。在这里,我们介绍了溶解气体采样、提取和分析的新方法的第一个结果,该方法允许测量稳定的Ar、Kr和Xe同位素比,精度等于或低于每兆amu− 1(1σ)0.05,比传统的Kr和Xe同位素测量低两个数量级。通过氦气喷射和粘性双入口同位素比质谱法从2 L水样中定量提取溶解的惰性气体并随后进行纯化,实现了精度的提高。通过实验室平衡实验,我们确定了在20 ° C至20° C之间稳定的Ar、Kr和Ar同位素比值的溶解度分馏因子(α sol)。我们还进行了温度控制的空气-水气体交换实验,以估计这些同位素比的动力学分馏因子(α kin)。我们发现α sol和α kin,用同位素质量差(Δm)归一化后,其大小随原子序数的增加而减小,但与同一元素的同位素比的Δm成正比。随着高精度同位素测量的新能力,我们认为,溶解在地下水中的氪和氪同位素比值是一个有前途的,新的地球化学工具,地下水建模,水资源管理和古气候的重要应用。
Dissolved noble gases are ideal conservative tracers of physical processes in the Earth system due to their chemical and biological inertness. Although bulk concentrations of dissolved Ar, Kr, and Xe are commonly measured to constrain physical models of atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial hydrosphere processes, stable isotope ratios of these gases (eg 136 Xe/129 Xe) are seldom used because of low signal-to-noise ratios. Here we present the first results from a new method of dissolved gas sampling, extraction and analysis that permits measurement of stable Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios at or below∼ 5 per meg amu− 1 precision (1σ), two orders-of-magnitude below conventional Kr and Xe isotopic measurements. This gain in precision was achieved by quantitative extraction and subsequent purification of dissolved noble gases from 2-L water samples via helium sparging and viscous dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry. We have determined the solubility fractionation factors (α sol) for stable Ar, Kr, and Xe isotope ratios between∼ 2 and 20° C via laboratory equilibration experiments. We have also conducted temperature-controlled air-water gas exchange experiments to estimate the kinetic fractionation factors (α kin) of these isotope ratios. We find that both α sol and α kin, normalized by isotopic mass difference (Δm), decrease in magnitude with atomic number but are proportional to Δm for isotope ratios of the same element. With the new ability for high precision isotopic measurements, we suggest that dissolved Kr and Xe isotope ratios in groundwater represent a promising, novel geochemical tool with important applications for groundwater modeling, water resource management, and paleoclimate.
使用四极杆质谱仪通过同位素稀释测量溶解的氖
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