The Importance of Evaluating Positive Welfare Characteristics and Temperament in Working Therapy Dogs.
The Importance of Evaluating Positive Welfare Characteristics and Temperament in Working Therapy Dogs.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2022.844252
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Davis, Meghan F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Sharmaine L.;Serpell, James A.;Dalton, Kathryn R.;Waite, Kaitlin B.;Morris, Daniel O.;Redding, Laurel E.;Dreschel, Nancy A.;Davis, Meghan F.
关键词：
迄今为止，对治疗犬福利的调查主要集中在检查生理和行为指标上，这些指标可以表明动物是否正在经历压力或痛苦。然而，这种方法并没有完全解决福利的定义，福利通常被描述为存在于从消极（或压力）到积极的连续体上。对于治疗犬，如果它们在工作时体验到积极的情绪影响，这将是值得解决的问题，因为动物辅助干预对人类接受者的质量和效果可能会受到动物在互动过程中的情绪状态的影响。本综述的目的是阐明HPA轴的客观测量和行为观察和标准化问题的测量如何用于评估治疗犬的积极福利。积极福利的一个潜在相关指标是神经激素催产素的外周浓度，研究发现，在积极的社会和附属环境中，包括人与狗的互动中，各种物种的体循环都会增加催产素。催产素也是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的负反馈调节器，其最终产生应激激素皮质醇。皮质醇被广泛用作评估动物（包括治疗犬）消极福利状态的生理指标。在与人类的互动中，可以观察到的行为可能会传达快乐，这可以为狗提供积极的福利指标，比如参与游戏，或者人类指导的附属行为，包括靠在病人身上、轻推或舔舐病人。然而，在评估积极福利时，同样重要的是要考虑到所有动物的行为表现和生理反应都取决于狗的个体（和品种）气质。性情直接决定了动物如何应对和应对当前的物理和社会环境，包括在压力情况下，比如治疗犬在新的医疗环境中与不熟悉的人互动。结合积极和消极的生理和行为福利指标，问卷调查数据可以进一步提供背景，并加强对治疗犬福利评估结果的解释。总的来说，到目前为止，还没有研究测量了所有这些因素来评估治疗犬的福利。
To date, investigations of the welfare of therapy dogs have focused largely on examining physiological and behavioral measures that could indicate if the animal is experiencing stress or distress. However, this approach does not fully address the definition of welfare which is often described as existing on a continuum from negative (or stressful) to positive. With therapy dogs, it would be worth addressing if they experience positive emotional affect while working since the quality and efficacy of animal-assisted interventions for the human recipient is likely to be influenced by the animal's emotional state during the interaction. The purpose of this review is to articulate how objective measurements of the HPA axis and measurements of behavioral observations and standardized questions can be used to evaluate positive welfare in therapy dogs. A potentially relevant indicator of positive welfare is the peripheral concentration of the neurohormone oxytocin, which has been found to increase in systemic circulation within a variety of species during positive social and affiliative contexts, including during human-dog interaction. Oxytocin is also a negative-feedback regulator of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which culminates with the production of the stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol is widely used as a physiological indicator to assess negative welfare states in animals, including therapy dogs. Observable behavior during interactions with humans that may convey enjoyment could provide indicators of positive welfare in dogs such as engagement in play, or human-directed affiliative behaviors including leaning against, nudging, or licking the patient. However, in assessing positive welfare, it is also critical to consider that all animal behavioral displays and physiological responses are dependent on the dog's individual (and breed) temperament. Temperament directly drives how the animal copes and responds to its current physical and social environment, including during stressful situations such as when therapy dogs interact with unfamiliar humans in novel healthcare settings. Coupled with both positive and negative physiological and behavioral welfare indicators, questionnaire data can provide further context to, and enhance interpretations of, therapy dog welfare assessment results. Overall, to date, no studies have measured all of these factors to assess therapy dog welfare.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.011
发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
de Carvalho, Ines R.;Nunes, Telmo;Almeida, Virgilio
通讯作者：
Almeida, Virgilio
DOI：
10.1016/j.jveb.2014.02.005
发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Glenk, Lisa Maria;Kothgassner, Oswald David;Baran, Halina
通讯作者：
Baran, Halina
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Brady, Karen;Cracknell, Nina;Mills, Daniel S.
通讯作者：
Mills, Daniel S.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BROOM, DM
通讯作者：
BROOM, DM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Rossi A;Parada FJ;Stewart R;Barwell C;Demas G;Allen C
通讯作者：
Allen C