Mitophagy of damaged mitochondria occurs locally in distal neuronal axons and requires PINK1 and Parkin.

Mitophagy of damaged mitochondria occurs locally in distal neuronal axons and requires PINK1 and Parkin.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201401070
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发表时间:
2014-09-01
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schwarz TL
Schwarz TL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ashrafi G;Schlehe JS;LaVoie MJ;Schwarz TL

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帕金森病相关蛋白PINK1和帕金(Parkin)介导远端神经元轴突中功能失调线粒体的局部线粒体自噬,消除了对细胞器逆行运输的需求,并确保快速的神经保护作用。 为了将对细胞的氧化损伤降至最低,功能失调的线粒体需要通过线粒体自噬被清除。在神经元轴突中,线粒体损伤可能发生在远端区域,远离被认为大多数溶酶体降解发生的胞体。在本文中,我们报道PINK1和帕金这两种帕金森病相关蛋白介导神经元轴突中功能失调线粒体的局部线粒体自噬。为了降低细胞毒性并模拟线粒体损伤的生理水平,我们选择性地损伤海马轴突中的一部分线粒体。帕金迅速被招募到轴突中受损的线粒体,随后形成LC3阳性的自噬体和LAMP1阳性的溶酶体。在PINK1 - / - 轴突中,受损的线粒体不会聚集帕金,也无法被自噬体吞噬。同样,在帕金 - / - 轴突中,线粒体自噬的起始被阻断。我们的研究结果表明,PINK1 - 帕金介导的通路是远端轴突对局部损伤作出反应时局部线粒体自噬所必需的。局部线粒体自噬可能在不需要向胞体逆行运输的情况下提供针对氧化应激的快速神经保护。
The Parkinson’s disease–associated proteins PINK1 and Parkin mediate local mitophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria in distal neuronal axons, abrogating the need for retrograde organelle transport and ensuring rapid neuroprotection. To minimize oxidative damage to the cell, malfunctioning mitochondria need to be removed by mitophagy. In neuronal axons, mitochondrial damage may occur in distal regions, far from the soma where most lysosomal degradation is thought to occur. In this paper, we report that PINK1 and Parkin, two Parkinson’s disease–associated proteins, mediate local mitophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria in neuronal axons. To reduce cytotoxicity and mimic physiological levels of mitochondrial damage, we selectively damaged a subset of mitochondria in hippocampal axons. Parkin was rapidly recruited to damaged mitochondria in axons followed by formation of LC3-positive autophagosomes and LAMP1-positive lysosomes. In PINK1−/− axons, damaged mitochondria did not accumulate Parkin and failed to be engulfed in autophagosomes. Similarly, initiation of mitophagy was blocked in Parkin−/− axons. Our findings demonstrate that the PINK1–Parkin-mediated pathway is required for local mitophagy in distal axons in response to focal damage. Local mitophagy likely provides rapid neuroprotection against oxidative stress without a requirement for retrograde transport to the soma.
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